{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T22:46:52Z","timestamp":1787870812555,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"42","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Intramural Research Fund","award":["21-3-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-3-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are limited prospective data on the efficacy, safety, and impact on reverse remodelling of cryoballoon ablation as compared to radiofrequency ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective, multicentre, randomized, non-inferiority clinical trial was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of cryoballoon vs radiofrequency ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation. A total of 500 patients with persistent atrial fibrillation were randomized across 12 centres. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias at 1 year with a 90-day blanking period after ablation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The final analysis included 499 patients, with a median age of 69 years (interquartile range, 61\u201374); 249 patients were allocated to the cryoballoon group, and 250 to the radiofrequency group. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the primary endpoint was observed in 56 patients (22.5%) in the cryoballoon group and 58 (23.2%) in the radiofrequency group, and the cryoballoon group demonstrated non-inferiority compared to the radiofrequency group for the primary endpoint (hazard ratio .99; 95% confidence interval, .69\u20131.43; P = .96). The radiofrequency group showed a greater reduction in left atrial size (left atrial volume index) at 1 year than the cryoballoon group [\u221211\u2005mL\/m2 (interquartile range, \u221219 to \u22124) vs \u22124\u2005mL\/m2 (interquartile range, \u221213 to 3), P &amp;lt; .001].<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this randomized trial, cryoballoon ablation was non-inferior to radiofrequency ablation for the occurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias at 1 year in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T07:46:23Z","timestamp":1749800783000},"page":"4426-4437","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Cryoballoon vs radiofrequency ablation in persistent atrial fibrillation: the CRRF-PeAF trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1728-0240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koji","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , 6-1, Kishibeshimmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7900-7835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koshiro","family":"Kanaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Health Information Management, Open Innovation Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , Suita ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Yodogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0376-7325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhi","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6094-5151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Fukunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Sakakibara Heart Institute , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So","family":"Asano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Sakakibara Heart Institute , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiko","family":"Nagase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Sakakibara Heart Institute , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Higashiyamato Hospital , Higashiyamato ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muryo","family":"Terasawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Kusume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuyuki","family":"Takada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Takarada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Tokyo D Tower Hospital , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2588-3757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuichiro","family":"Sagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Japan Red Cross Yokohama City Bay Hospital , Yokohama ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1781-9218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takatoshi","family":"Shigeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Japan Red Cross Yokohama City Bay Hospital , Yokohama ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junichi","family":"Ooka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital , Kobe ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3794-238X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiro","family":"Ishikura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital , Kobe ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Gifu Heart Center , Gifu ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masue","family":"Yoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine II, Kansai Medical University , Moriguchi ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine II, Kansai Medical University , Moriguchi ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , 6-1, Kishibeshimmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Nagase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , 6-1, Kishibeshimmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center , Okayama ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5590-7388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeshi","family":"Aiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , 6-1, Kishibeshimmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoya","family":"Kataoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama , Toyama ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiko","family":"Takagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine II, Kansai Medical University , Moriguchi ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3192-4639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shintaro","family":"Yamagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Tenri Hospital , Tenri ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suguru","family":"Nishiuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Tenri Hospital , Tenri ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Gunma Prefectural Cardiovascular Center , Maebashi ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital , Kobe ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Kobori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital , Kobe ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4661-2999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuteru","family":"Yamauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Japan Red Cross Yokohama City Bay Hospital , Yokohama ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshinao","family":"Yazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Satomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junichi","family":"Nitta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Sakakibara Heart Institute , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Mizuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital , Kamakura ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital , Kamakura ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiichi","family":"Ashikaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Miyazaki Medical Association Hospital , Miyazaki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Kishihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine , Sagamihara ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidehira","family":"Fukaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine , Sagamihara ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-ki","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9941-8973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wataru","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5760-9285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kengo","family":"Kusano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , 6-1, Kishibeshimmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3314","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae176","article-title":"2024 ESC guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)","volume":"45","author":"Van Gelder","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001193","article-title":"2023 ACC\/AHA\/ACCP\/HRS guideline for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"149","author":"Joglar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"euae016","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euae016","article-title":"Pulsed electric field, cryoballoon, and radiofrequency for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation: a propensity score-matched comparison","volume":"26","author":"Della Rocca","year":"2023","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1602014","article-title":"Cryoballoon or radiofrequency ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"374","author":"Kuck","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad572","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation progression after cryoablation vs. radiofrequency ablation: the CIRCA-DOSE trial","volume":"45","author":"Andrade","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab281","article-title":"Cryoballoon vs. radiofrequency catheter ablation: insights from NOrwegian randomized study of PERSistent Atrial Fibrillation (NO-PERSAF study)","volume":"24","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e008540","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.120.008540","article-title":"Treatment-related changes in left atrial structure in atrial fibrillation: findings from the CABANA imaging substudy","volume":"14","author":"Rettmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2016.11.003","article-title":"Left atrial reverse remodeling: mechanisms, evaluation, and clinical significance","volume":"10","author":"Thomas","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcha.2022.101074","article-title":"Cryoballoon ablation versus radiofrequency ablation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (CRRF-PeAF): protocol for a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled study","volume":"41","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e199","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000041","article-title":"2014 AHA\/ACC\/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society","volume":"130","author":"January","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm027","article-title":"Pre-procedural predictors of atrial fibrillation recurrence after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation","volume":"28","author":"Berruezo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e006989","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.118.006989","article-title":"Multicenter study of the validity of additional freeze cycles for cryoballoon ablation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: the AD-balloon study","volume":"12","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23677","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of left atrial low-voltage area guided ablation for recurrence prevention compared to pulmonary vein isolation alone in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation trial: design and rationale","volume":"44","author":"Sunaga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3276","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv457","article-title":"Adenosine triphosphate-guided pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation: the UNmasking Dormant Electrical Reconduction by Adenosine TriPhosphate (UNDER-ATP) trial","volume":"36","author":"Kobori","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv501","article-title":"Efficacy of antiarrhythmic drugs short-term use after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (EAST-AF) trial","volume":"37","author":"Kaitani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01637-8","article-title":"Clinical outcomes in systematic screening for atrial fibrillation (STROKESTOP): a multicentre, parallel group, unmasked, randomised controlled trial","volume":"398","author":"Svennberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.05.001","article-title":"Pulsed field vs conventional thermal ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: recurrent atrial arrhythmia burden","volume":"84","author":"Reddy","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.04.065","article-title":"Recurrence of atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation or antiarrhythmic drug therapy in the CABANA trial","volume":"75","author":"Poole","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050991","article-title":"Ablation versus drug therapy for atrial fibrillation in heart failure: results from the CABANA trial","volume":"143","author":"Packer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.110.958033","article-title":"Development and validation of the Atrial Fibrillation Effect on QualiTy-of-Life (AFEQT) questionnaire in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"4","author":"Spertus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euu350","article-title":"Circumferential pulmonary vein isolation as index procedure for persistent atrial fibrillation: a comparison between radiofrequency catheter ablation and second-generation cryoballoon ablation","volume":"17","author":"Ciconte","year":"2015","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.13402","article-title":"Ice or fire? Comparison of second-generation cryoballoon ablation and radiofrequency ablation in patients with symptomatic persistent atrial fibrillation and an enlarged left atrium","volume":"29","author":"Akkaya","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707855","article-title":"Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation with heart failure","volume":"378","author":"Marrouche","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-21-0608","article-title":"Comparison of cryoballoon and contact force-sensing radiofrequency ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation in clinical practice","volume":"86","author":"Kobori","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcha.2022.101021","article-title":"Optimal single procedure strategy of pulmonary vein isolation with cryoballoon or radiofrequency and non-pulmonary vein triggers ablation for non-paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"40","author":"Nitta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2559","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.14676","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing second-generation cryoballoon and contact force radiofrequency ablation for initial ablation of paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"31","author":"Ravi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euy239","article-title":"Cryoballoon vs. radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation: a study of outcome and safety based on the ESC-EHRA atrial fibrillation ablation long-term registry and the Swedish catheter ablation registry","volume":"21","author":"Mortsell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2018.06.047","article-title":"Cryoballoon antral pulmonary vein isolation vs contact force-sensing radiofrequency catheter ablation for pulmonary vein and posterior left atrial isolation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"15","author":"Yokokawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.15965","article-title":"Radiofrequency versus cryoballoon catheter ablation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation: a randomized trial","volume":"34","author":"Mililis","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2022.08.031","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness and safety of cryoablation versus radiofrequency ablation treatments for persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"184","author":"Baimbetov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euz155","article-title":"Outcomes of cryoballoon or radiofrequency ablation in symptomatic paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"21","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-008-9301-7","article-title":"The effect of different treatment strategies on left atrial size in patients with lone paroxysmal atrial fibrillation-a prospective cohort study","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.111.969923","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of isolation area and rhythm outcome in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after circumferential pulmonary vein antrum isolation using the pace-and-ablate technique","volume":"5","author":"Kiuchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-018-1142-4","article-title":"Additional cryoapplications at the pulmonary vein antrum using a 28-mm second-generation cryoballoon: a pilot study of extra-pulmonary vein ablation","volume":"33","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e003879","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.115.003879","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of the isolation area during the chronic phase after a 28-mm second-generation cryoballoon ablation demarcated by high-resolution electroanatomic mapping","volume":"9","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e007247","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.119.007247","article-title":"Repeat ablation for atrial fibrillation recurrence post cryoballoon or radiofrequency ablation in the FIRE AND ICE trial","volume":"12","author":"Kuck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-014-9919-6","article-title":"Comparison of the change in the dimension of the pulmonary vein ostia immediately after pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation-open irrigated-tip catheters versus non-irrigated conventional 4 mm-tip catheters","volume":"41","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2004.03451.x","article-title":"Impact of catheter ablation on pulmonary vein morphology and mechanical function","volume":"15","author":"Schwartzman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.4022\/jafib.2261","article-title":"Medical treatment of a symptomatic acute pulmonary vein stenosis following antral pulmonary vein isolation","volume":"12","author":"Ulus","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Atr Fibrillation"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830055","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.830055","article-title":"Left atrial function post radiofrequency and cryoballoon ablation assessed by volume-pressure loops","volume":"9","author":"Karanasos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2572","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.14664","article-title":"Lesion characteristics between cryoballoon ablation and radiofrequency ablation with a contact force-sensing catheter: late-gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging assessment","volume":"31","author":"Kurose","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.0693","article-title":"Effect of catheter ablation vs antiarrhythmic drug therapy on mortality, stroke, bleeding, and cardiac arrest among patients with atrial fibrillation: the CABANA randomized clinical trial","volume":"321","author":"Packer","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025110902422709300_ehaf451-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.09.026","article-title":"Structural and functional remodeling of the left atrium: clinical and therapeutic implications for atrial fibrillation","volume":"51","author":"Casaclang-Verzosa","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"}],"container-title":["European Heart Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurheartj\/article-pdf\/46\/42\/4426\/63839251\/ehaf451.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurheartj\/article-pdf\/46\/42\/4426\/63839251\/ehaf451.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T07:42:35Z","timestamp":1762674155000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurheartj\/article\/46\/42\/4426\/8211694"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"42","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf451","relation":{},"ISSN":["0195-668X","1522-9645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0195-668X","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-9645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]}}}