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Sex and hormonal status may modify the relationship between Lp(a) and VTE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study included participants from the UK Biobank with available baseline Lp(a) data. Individuals with a history of VTE or cancer, as well as those using anticoagulants, were excluded. Multivariable-adjusted Cox models were used to assess the association between Lp(a) levels \u2265125 nmol\/L and incident VTE in premenopausal women, postmenopausal women, and men. Subgroup analyses stratified premenopausal women by oral contraceptive (OCP) use and postmenopausal women by menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 55 302 premenopausal women, 129 045 postmenopausal women, and 189 013 men, the proportions with Lp(a) \u2265 125 nmol\/L were 14.0%, 19.0%, and 15.0%, respectively. Over a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 13.6 (12.9\u201314.4) years, 8186 VTE events occurred (cumulative incidence 2.2%). Lp(a) \u2265 125 nmol\/L was associated with incident VTE in premenopausal women [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04\u20131.66; P = .02] but not in postmenopausal women (aHR 1.03; 95% CI 0.94\u20131.13; P = .47; Pinteraction = .03) or men (aHR 1.00; 95% CI 0.92\u20131.08; P = .94). OCP use did not modify the Lp(a)-VTE association among premenopausal women (Pinteraction = .61). However, among postmenopausal MHT users, Lp(a) \u2265 125 nmol\/L was associated with higher VTE risk (aHR 1.48; 95% CI 1.03\u20132.12; P = .03; Pinteraction = .04).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Elevated Lp(a) was associated with VTE in premenopausal women and in postmenopausal MHT users, suggesting that hormonal context may influence Lp(a)-associated thrombotic risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehag252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T12:21:40Z","timestamp":1774268500000},"page":"3576-3587","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Lipoprotein(a) and incident venous thromboembolism in pre- and postmenopausal women, and in men"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6850-4275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Ezzat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Institute, Mass General Brigham , 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , 185 Cambridge Street CPZN 3.190, Boston, MA 02114 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Disease Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , 75 Ames St, Cambridge, MA 02142 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven , Herestraat 49, Leuven ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana M","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Institute, Mass General Brigham , 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School , 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4215-9218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian L","family":"Claggett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Institute, Mass General Brigham , 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School , 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linke","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Institute, Mass General Brigham , 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , 185 Cambridge Street CPZN 3.190, Boston, MA 02114 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Disease Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , 75 Ames St, Cambridge, MA 02142 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , 100 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5968-3817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niekbachsh","family":"Mohammadnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Institute, Mass General Brigham , 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , 185 Cambridge Street CPZN 3.190, Boston, MA 02114 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Disease Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , 75 Ames St, Cambridge, MA 02142 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center , Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, Nijmegen ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8146-9692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Art","family":"Schuermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Institute, Mass General Brigham , 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , 185 Cambridge Street CPZN 3.190, Boston, MA 02114 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Disease Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , 75 Ames St, Cambridge, MA 02142 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven , Herestraat 49, Leuven ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Hemeryck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Institute, Mass General Brigham , 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , 185 Cambridge Street CPZN 3.190, Boston, MA 02114 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Disease Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , 75 Ames St, Cambridge, MA 02142 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven , Herestraat 49, Leuven ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Institute, Mass General Brigham , 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , 185 Cambridge Street CPZN 3.190, Boston, MA 02114 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Disease Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , 75 Ames St, Cambridge, MA 02142 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Murillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Institute, Mass General Brigham , 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , 185 Cambridge Street CPZN 3.190, Boston, MA 02114 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Disease Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , 75 Ames St, Cambridge, MA 02142 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle L","family":"O'Donoghue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Institute, Mass General Brigham , 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School , 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115 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