{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:59:26Z","timestamp":1790283566129,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"33","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"multiple cohort- and investigator-level"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To elucidate the genetic architecture of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) during early life and assess their potential relevance to adult health outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses to date of childhood systolic BP, diastolic BP, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure (n = 28 425) and HR (n = 22 565) were conducted in children of European ancestry aged 4\u201317 years. Follow-up analyses included comparisons with adult GWAS results, polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses in independent cohorts of diverse ancestries, and a phenome-wide association study in the UK Biobank.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight genome-wide significant loci were identified for childhood BP (KIAA2013, CACNB2, PLCE1, PAX2, COL4A2, RP11-236L14.1, CFDP1, TPX2) and three loci for childhood HR (CCDC141, ACHE, MYH6); all novel in children but previously reported in adults. Childhood PRSs explained up to 1.6% of BP variance and 5.2% of HR variance among children of European ancestry. Genetic correlations between childhood and adulthood BP traits were moderate (rg = 0.4\u20130.7), suggesting age-specific genetic effects on BP. In the UK Biobank, higher childhood BP PRS levels were significantly associated with a broad range of adult health outcomes, particularly cardiometabolic outcomes such as hypertension, angina, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular disease-related mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings advance the understanding of the genetic architecture of childhood BP and HR and provide compelling genetic evidence linking childhood BP to a broad spectrum of adult health outcomes\u2014particularly cardiometabolic conditions\u2014which may inform targeted prevention strategies from a young age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehag313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T11:29:24Z","timestamp":1775561364000},"page":"4621-4637","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Genetic determinants of childhood blood pressure and heart rate in relation to adult health outcomes: the consortium of childhood blood pressure"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2442-7941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tian","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou National Laboratory , No. 9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, Guangdong Province ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Ani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan ,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9048-3795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Vaez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan ,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilja M","family":"Nolte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoyong","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, GA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2884-0023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mami","family":"Ishikuro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University , Sendai ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenbo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Goncalves","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol , Bristol ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol , Bristol ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Motazedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Occupational Health (POH), Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam 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