{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T10:09:56Z","timestamp":1791454196438,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"18","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sudden cardiac death is a major cause of mortality in adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients. The indications for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation in ACHD patients are still not well established. We aim to systematically review the literature on indications and outcome of ICD implantation in ACHD patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We performed a comprehensive search in EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar to identify all studies on ICD implantation in ACHD patients. We used random effects models to calculate proportions and 95% confidence intervals. Of 1356 articles, 24 studies with 2162 patients were included, with a mean follow-up of 3.6 \u00b1 0.9 years. Half of patients had tetralogy of Fallot. Mean age at implantation was 36.5 \u00b1 5.5 years old and 66% was male. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators were implanted for primary prevention in 53% (43.5\u201362.7). Overall, 24% (18.6\u201331.3) of patients received one or more appropriate ICD interventions (anti-tachycardia pacing or shocks) during 3.7 \u00b1 0.9 years: 22% (16.9\u201328.8) of patients with primary prevention in 3.3 \u00b1 0.3 years and 35% (26.6\u201345.2) of patients with secondary prevention in 4.3 \u00b1 1.2 years. Inappropriate shocks occurred in 25% (20.1\u201331.0) in 3.7 \u00b1 0.8 years and other, particularly lead-related complications in 26% (18.9\u201333.6) of patients in 3.8 \u00b1 0.8 years. All-cause mortality was 10% during 3.7 \u00b1 0.9 years.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In ACHD, remarkably high rates of appropriate ICD therapy were reported, both in primary and secondary prevention. Because of the young age and lower death rates, the cumulative beneficial effects are likely greater in ACHD patients than in acquired heart disease patients. However, considering the high rates of inappropriate shocks and complications, case-by-case weighing of costs and benefits, remains essential.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,13]],"date-time":"2016-02-13T10:46:41Z","timestamp":1455360401000},"page":"1439-1448","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in adults with congenital heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Jim T.","family":"Vehmeijer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00a0Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom F.","family":"Brouwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00a0Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Limpens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00a0Medical Library, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinoud E.","family":"Knops","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00a0Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berto J.","family":"Bouma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00a0Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara J.M.","family":"Mulder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00a0Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"\u00a0Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joris R.","family":"de Groot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00a0Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021052012593791900_EHV735C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.02.057","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of sudden cardiac arrest in adults with congenital heart defects repaired before adult 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management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: the Task Force for the Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC)","volume":"17","author":"Priori","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2021052012593791900_EHV735C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.111.966754","article-title":"Implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in adults with congenital heart disease: who is at risk of shocks?","volume":"5","author":"Koyak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2021052012593791900_EHV735C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b2535","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2535","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"339","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2021052012593791900_EHV735C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.06.053","article-title":"The entirely subcutaneous implantable 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heart","volume":"29","author":"Cannon","year":"2006","journal-title":"PACE"},{"key":"2021052012593791900_EHV735C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euq340","article-title":"Midterm experience with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in children and young adults","volume":"12","author":"\u00c7eliker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2021052012593791900_EHV735C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu102","article-title":"The natural and unnatural history of the Mustard procedure: long-term outcome up to 40 years","volume":"35","author":"Cuypers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2021052012593791900_EHV735C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2004.00384.x","article-title":"Implantable cardioverter defibrillators in adults with congenital heart disease: a single center 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in the national cardiovascular data registry implantable cardioverter defibrillator registry","volume":"7","author":"Jordan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2021052012593791900_EHV735C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.12434","article-title":"Lesion-specific differences for implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapies in adults with congenital heart disease","volume":"37","author":"Kella","year":"2014","journal-title":"PACE"},{"key":"2021052012593791900_EHV735C22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.108.776120","article-title":"Sudden death and defibrillators in transposition of the great arteries with intra-atrial baffles: a multicenter study","volume":"1","author":"Khairy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm 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