{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:16:16Z","timestamp":1784592976565,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]],"date-time":"2018-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]],"date-time":"2018-09-04T07:21:45Z","timestamp":1536045705000},"page":"960-966","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Can we remove scar and fibrosis from adult human myocardium?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Vazir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and ICMS, Royal Brompton Hospital, Dovehouse Street, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and ICMS, Royal Brompton Hospital, Dovehouse Street, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Westaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Blackshaw Road, Tooting, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin J","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, Wales, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Westaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and ICMS, Royal Brompton Hospital, Dovehouse Street, London, UK"},{"name":"Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(00)02165-2","article-title":"Infant partial left ventriculectomy for failure to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass","volume":"71","author":"Westaby","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2008.03.068","article-title":"Long-term cardiac remodeling after salvage partial left ventriculectomy in an infant with anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery","volume":"137","author":"Westaby","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2011.06.021","article-title":"Long-term myocardial scarring after operation for anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery","volume":"92","author":"Fratz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2013.10.019","article-title":"Myofibroblasts: trust your heart and let fate decide","volume":"70","author":"Davis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-013-1349-6","article-title":"The pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis","volume":"71","author":"Kong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11074.","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11074","article-title":"The plasma membrane calcium ATPase 4 signalling in cardiac fibroblasts mediates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy","volume":"7","author":"Mohamed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2009.05.002","article-title":"Cardiac fibroblasts: at the heart of myocardial remodeling","volume":"123","author":"Porter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00012.2007","article-title":"Myocardial matrix remodeling and the matrix metalloproteinases: influence on cardiac form and function","volume":"87","author":"Spinale","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B9","first-page":"364","article-title":"The collagen network of the heart","volume":"40","author":"Caulfield","year":"1979","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2013.10.017","article-title":"Adverse fibrosis in the aging heart depends on signaling between myeloid and mesenchymal cells; role of inflammatory fibroblasts","volume":"70","author":"Cieslik","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-012-9402-7","article-title":"Origin of developmental precursors dictates the pathophysiologic role of cardiac fibroblasts","volume":"5","author":"Crawford","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Transl Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.03.520","article-title":"Interacting resident epicardium-derived fibroblasts and recruited bone marrow cells form myocardial infarction scar","volume":"65","author":"Ruiz-Villalba","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1380.003","article-title":"Recruitment of new cells into the postnatal heart: potential modification of phenotype by periostin","volume":"1080","author":"Visconti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.305381","article-title":"Getting to the heart of the matter: new insights into cardiac fibrosis","volume":"116","author":"Leask","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20160530","article-title":"Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 promotes age-related organ fibrosis","volume":"214","author":"Martinod","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.594","article-title":"Regulation of myocardial matrix metalloproteinase expression and activity by cardiac fibroblasts","volume":"64","author":"Turner","year":"2012","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2009.199","article-title":"Myocardial remodeling after infarction: the role of myofibroblasts","volume":"7","author":"van den Borne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-015-1314-y","article-title":"Cardiac fibroblasts: from development to heart failure","volume":"93","author":"Moore-Morris","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Mol Med (Berl)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02602-5","article-title":"Myocardial scarring in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"40","author":"Choudhury","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B20","first-page":"1639","article-title":"Jr. Remodeling of human myocardial collagen in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Role of metalloproteinases and pyridinoline cross-links","volume":"148","author":"Gunja-Smith","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2008.09.010","article-title":"Extent of left ventricular scar predicts outcomes in ischemic cardiomyopathy patients with significantly reduced systolic function: a delayed hyperenhancement cardiac magnetic resonance study","volume":"2","author":"Kwon","year":"2009","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-012-9408-1","article-title":"The origin and arrhythmogenic potential of fibroblasts in cardiac disease","volume":"5","author":"Vasquez","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Transl Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2700","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.22.2700","article-title":"Limitation of excessive extracellular matrix turnover may contribute to survival benefit of spironolactone therapy in patients with congestive heart failure: insights from the randomized aldactone evaluation study (RALES). Rales Investigators","volume":"102","author":"Zannad","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/15.suppl_B.14","article-title":"Left ventricular remodelling, neurohormonal activation and early treatment with enalapril (CONSENSUS II) following myocardial infarction","volume":"15","author":"Sigurdsson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08899","article-title":"Zebrafish heart regeneration occurs by cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and proliferation","volume":"464","author":"Jopling","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2008.06.058","article-title":"Dynamics of human myocardial progenitor cell populations in the neonatal period","volume":"86","author":"Amir","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.12.027","article-title":"Human ventricular unloading induces cardiomyocyte proliferation","volume":"65","author":"Canseco","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.03.032","article-title":"The oxygen-rich postnatal environment induces cardiomyocyte cell-cycle arrest through DNA damage response","volume":"157","author":"Puente","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2016.09.005","article-title":"A Phase I, Single Ascending Dose Study of Cimaglermin Alfa (Neuregulin 1\u03b23) in patients with systolic dysfunction and heart failure","volume":"1","author":"Lenihan","year":"2016","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw113","article-title":"Position Paper of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group Cellular Biology of the Heart: cell-based therapies for myocardial repair and regeneration in ischemic heart disease and heart failure","volume":"37","author":"Madonna","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61590-0","article-title":"Cardiac stem cells in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy (SCIPIO): initial results of a randomised phase 1 trial","volume":"378","author":"Bolli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.08.724","article-title":"Intracoronary cardiosphere-derived cells after myocardial infarction: evidence of therapeutic regeneration in the final 1-year results of the CADUCEUS trial (CArdiosphere-Derived aUtologous stem CElls to reverse ventricUlar dySfunction)","volume":"63","author":"Malliaras","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.09.065","article-title":"First experience in humans using adipose tissue-derived regenerative cells in the treatment of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"59","author":"Houtgraaf","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2014.03.022","article-title":"Adipose-derived regenerative cells in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy: the PRECISE Trial","volume":"168","author":"Perin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67861-0","article-title":"Autologous bone marrow-derived stem-cell transfer in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: double-blind, randomised controlled trial","volume":"367","author":"Janssens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.303180","article-title":"Autologous mesenchymal stem cells produce concordant improvements in regional function, tissue perfusion, and fibrotic burden when administered to patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: the Prospective Randomized Study of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery (PROMETHEUS) trial","volume":"114","author":"Karantalis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.311827","article-title":"Dose comparison study of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (The TRIDENT Study)","volume":"121","author":"Florea","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-016-9686-0","article-title":"Implantation of a novel allogeneic mesenchymal precursor cell type in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: an open label phase IIa trial","volume":"9","author":"Anastasiadis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Transl Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13309","article-title":"c-kit+ cells minimally contribute cardiomyocytes to the heart","volume":"509","author":"van Berlo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S33","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpcardio0444","article-title":"Plasticity of human adipose stem cells toward endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes","volume":"3","author":"Fraser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1391","article-title":"Monolayered mesenchymal stem cells repair scarred myocardium after myocardial infarction","volume":"12","author":"Miyahara","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04958","article-title":"Stem cells, ageing and the quest for immortality","volume":"441","author":"Rando","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2008.03.038","article-title":"Myocardial regenerative therapy: immunologic basis for the potential \u201cuniversal donor cells\u201d","volume":"86","author":"Atoui","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5411.143","article-title":"Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"284","author":"Pittenger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2006.03.019","article-title":"Immune modulation by mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"312","author":"Rasmusson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-006-0117-y","article-title":"Homing and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells delivered intravenously to ischemic myocardium in vivo: a time-series study","volume":"453","author":"Jiang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1097\/00019501-200506000-00006","article-title":"Effects of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on extracellular matrix after myocardial infarction in rats","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Coron Artery Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019032104565291400_ehy503-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/14653240600855905","article-title":"Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement","volume":"8","author":"Dominici","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"}],"container-title":["European Heart Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurheartj\/article-pdf\/40\/12\/960\/28170716\/ehy503.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]],"date-time":"2019-03-21T04:58:46Z","timestamp":1553144326000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurheartj\/article\/40\/12\/960\/5092492"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy503","relation":{},"ISSN":["0195-668X","1522-9645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0195-668X","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-9645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]]}}}