{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T23:43:39Z","timestamp":1791935019806,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,20]],"date-time":"2018-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Stratification of patients at risk of infective endocarditis (IE) remains a cornerstone in guidance of prophylactic strategies of IE. However, little attention has been given to patients considered at moderate risk.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Using Danish nationwide registries, we assessed the risk of IE in patients with aortic and mitral valve disorders, a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED), or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and compared these patient groups with (i) controls from the background population using risk-set matching and (ii) a high-risk population (prosthetic heart valve). Cumulative incidence plots and multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazard analysis were used to compare risk of IE between risk groups. We identified 83\u00a0453 patients with aortic or mitral valve disorder, 50\u00a0828 with a CIED, and 3620 with HCM. The cumulative risk of IE after 10 years was 0.9% in valve disorder, 1.3% in CIED, and 0.5% in HCM patients. Compared with the background population, valve disorder, CIED, and HCM carried a higher associated risk of IE, hazard ratio (HR)\u2009=\u20098.75 [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.36\u201312.02], HR\u2009=\u20096.63 (95% CI 4.41\u20139.96), and HR\u2009=\u20096.57 (95% CI 2.33\u201318.56), respectively. All three study groups were associated with a lower risk of IE compared with high-risk patients, HR\u2009=\u20090.27 (95% CI 0.23\u20130.32) for valve disorder, HR\u2009=\u20090.28 (95% CI 0.23\u20130.33) for CIED, and HR\u2009=\u20090.13 (95% CI 0.06\u20130.29) for HCM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Heart valve disorder, CIED, and patients with HCM were associated with a higher risk of IE compared with the background population but have a lower associated risk of IE compared with high-risk patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p\/>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]],"date-time":"2018-09-18T19:16:51Z","timestamp":1537298211000},"page":"1355-1361","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Incidence of infective endocarditis in patients considered at moderate risk"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Lauge","family":"\u00d8stergaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Center, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 8, KBH N, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nana","family":"Valeur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Bundgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Center, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 8, KBH N, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsin","family":"Aslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Center, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 8, KBH N, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Gislason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Roskilde University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Research, The Danish Heart Foundation, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Torp-Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels Eske","family":"Bruun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Roskilde University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark"},{"name":"Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark"},{"name":"Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"S\u00f8ndergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Center, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 8, KBH N, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"K\u00f8ber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Center, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 8, KBH N, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emil Loldrup","family":"Fosb\u00f8l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Center, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 8, KBH N, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022102609511543400_ehy629-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv319","article-title":"ESC Guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis: the Task Force for the Management of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by: European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM)","volume":"36","author":"Habib","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2022102609511543400_ehy629-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000296","article-title":"Infective endocarditis in adults: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart 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