{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:11:18Z","timestamp":1790835078358,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"39","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]],"date-time":"2019-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness-MINECO","award":["SAF2017-84324-C2-1-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAF2017-84324-C2-1-R"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI17\/01487"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI17\/01487"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PIC18\/00014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIC18\/00014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Red de Terapia Celular\u2014TerCel","award":["RD16\/0011\/0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0011\/0006"]}]},{"name":"CIBER Cardiovascular\u2014","award":["CB16\/11\/00403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB16\/11\/00403"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of cardiogenic shock (CS) has increased remarkably over the past decade and remains a challenging condition with mortality rates of \u223c50%. Cardiogenic shock encompasses cardiac contractile dysfunction; however, it is also a multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, often complicated by a systemic inflammatory response with severe cellular and metabolic dysregulations. Here, we review the evidence on the biochemical manifestations of CS, elaborating on current gold standard biomarkers and novel candidates from molecular signatures of CS. Glucose and lactate, both identified over a century ago, remain the only clinically used biomarkers in current predictive risk scores. Novel genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data are discussed, and a recently reported molecular score derived from unbiased proteomic discovery, the CS4P, which includes liver fatty acid-binding protein, beta-2-microglobulin, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B, and SerpinG1 is comprehensively described. Recent advances in -omics technologies provide new insight into a more holistic molecular signature of CS. Thus, we need to open new diagnostic and therapeutic avenues if we aim to improve outcomes.<\/jats:p><jats:p\/>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]],"date-time":"2019-10-25T11:11:15Z","timestamp":1572001875000},"page":"3839-3848","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Molecular signature of cardiogenic shock"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7280-859X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oriol","family":"Iborra-Egea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol , Carretera de Canyet s\/n 08916, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, CIBERCV, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferran","family":"Rueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol , Carretera de Canyet s\/n 08916, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, CIBERCV, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6330-1677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cosme","family":"Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol , Carretera de Canyet s\/n 08916, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, CIBERCV, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5100-7809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Borr\u00e0s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomics Unit, Centre de Regulaci\u00f3 Gen\u00f2mica (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , Dr Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Dr Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6506-7714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduard","family":"Sabid\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomics Unit, Centre de Regulaci\u00f3 Gen\u00f2mica (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , Dr Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Dr Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3044-197X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoni","family":"Bayes-Genis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol , Carretera de Canyet s\/n 08916, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, CIBERCV, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022102611014405400_ehz783-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e232","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000525","article-title":"Contemporary management of cardiogenic shock: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"136","author":"van Diepen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022102611014405400_ehz783-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e004337.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.116.004337","article-title":"Percutaneous mechanical circulatory support devices in cardiogenic shock","volume":"10","author":"Mandawat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2022102611014405400_ehz783-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.260","article-title":". Clinical picture and risk prediction of short-term mortality in cardiogenic shock","volume":"17","author":"Harjola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2022102611014405400_ehz783-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.02.027","article-title":"Risk stratification for patients in cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"69","author":"P\u00f6ss","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2022102611014405400_ehz783-B5","volume-title":"Le\u00e7ons Sur le Diab\u00e8te et la Glycogenase Animale","author":"Bernard","year":"1877"},{"key":"2022102611014405400_ehz783-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12078","article-title":"Dysglycaemia in the critically ill\u2014significance and management","volume":"15","author":"Deane","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2022102611014405400_ehz783-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1300208","article-title":"Low-dose interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor individually stimulate insulin release but in combination cause suppression","volume":"130","author":"Mehta","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022102611014405400_ehz783-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2003.12.014","article-title":". 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