{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T03:48:50Z","timestamp":1771386530756,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_J","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Amarin Pharma, Inc"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Although low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering is effective in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) prevention, considerable \u2018lipid-associated\u2019 residual risk remains, particularly in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridaemia (2\u201310\u2009mmol\/L; 176\u2013880\u2009mg\/dL). Triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins carry both TGs and cholesterol (remnant-cholesterol). At TG levels &amp;gt;5\u2009mmol\/L (440\u2009mg\/dL) vs. &amp;lt;1\u2009mmol\/L (88\u2009mg\/dL) or remnant-cholesterol &amp;gt;2.3\u2009mmol\/L (89\u2009mg\/dL) vs. &amp;lt;0.5\u2009mmol\/L (19\u2009mg\/dL), risk is \u223c1.5-fold elevated for aortic stenosis, 2-fold for all-cause mortality, 3-fold for ischaemic stroke, 5-fold for myocardial infarction (MI), and 10-fold for acute pancreatitis. Furthermore, Mendelian randomization studies indicate that elevated TG-rich lipoproteins are causally related to increased risk of ASCVD and even all-cause mortality. While genetic and epidemiological data strongly indicate that TG-rich lipoproteins are causally linked to ASCVD, intervention data are ambiguous. Fibrates, niacin and low-dose omega-3 fatty acids have all been used in outcome trials, but have failed to demonstrate clear benefit in combination with statins. Whether the lack of additional benefit relates to methodological issues or true failure is indeterminate. Importantly, a recent intervention trial evaluating a high dose of eicosapentaenoic-acid showed clear benefit. Thus, REDUCE-IT evaluated the effect of icosapent ethyl (4\u2009g\/day) on cardiovascular outcomes in 8179 high-risk patients with moderate TG elevation on statin therapy. Over a median duration of 4.9\u2009years, the relative risk for the primary endpoint (composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke, coronary revascularization, or unstable angina) was reduced by 25% (absolute risk 17.2% vs. 22.0%; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.0001; number needed to treat 21). High-dose icosapent ethyl intervention therefore confers substantial cardiovascular benefit in high-risk patients with moderate hypertriglyceridaemia on statin therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/suaa116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T16:44:25Z","timestamp":1602002665000},"page":"J21-J33","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Efficacy and safety of icosapent ethyl in hypertriglyceridaemia: a recap"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Klaus G","family":"Parhofer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik IV \u2013 Gro\u00dfhadern, Klinikum der Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Marchioninistr. 15, M\u00fcnchen 81377, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M John","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Metabolism Division, Piti\u00e9\u2013Salpetri\u00e8re University Hospital, 47-83, Boulevard de l'Hopital 75651, Sorbonne University and National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B\u00f8rge G","family":"Nordestgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry and The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 1, Herlev, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020100612441746200_suaa116-B1","first-page":"e1082","article-title":"2018 AHA\/ACC\/AACVPR\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/ADA\/AGS\/APhA\/ASPC\/NLA\/PCNA Guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"139","author":"Grundy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2020100612441746200_suaa116-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz455","article-title":"2019 ESC\/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk","volume":"41","author":"Mach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2020100612441746200_suaa116-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61350-5","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials","volume":"376","author":"Baigent","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020100612441746200_suaa116-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz962","article-title":"Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: pathophysiological, genetic, and therapeutic insights: a consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel","volume":"41","author":"Boren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2020100612441746200_suaa116-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx144","article-title":"Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. 1. 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