{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T02:37:35Z","timestamp":1790303855498,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_E","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health","award":["RCR-2020-23670065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RCR-2020-23670065"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The term Long COVID (or Post COVID) describes a condition characterized by persistence of symptoms for at least 12\u2009weeks after the onset of COVID-19. It may last several months but the duration is still matter of observation. The symptoms and the clinical manifestations are clinically heterogeneous and suggesting involvement of multi-organs\/systems, including the cardiovascular system. The general recurrent symptoms include fatigue, breathlessness, myalgia, headache, loss of memory, and impaired concentration. Patients report loss of their previous psychophysical performance. Cardiovascular involvement manifests with common symptoms such as palpitations and chest pain, and, less commonly, with events such as late arterial and venous thromboembolisms, heart failure episodes, strokes or transient ischaemic attack, \u2018myo-pericarditis\u2019. The diagnostic criteria are mainly based on the narrative of the patients. Measurable biomarkers or instrumental findings or clinical events are not yet framed in a shared diagnostic framework. The open question for clinicians and researchers is whether biomarkers, electrocardiogram, non-invasive imaging, and clinical monitoring should be included in a shared diagnostic protocol aimed at defining the diagnostic path and protecting patients at risk of unexpected events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/suab080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T07:39:13Z","timestamp":1633937953000},"page":"E1-E5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Long COVID: long-term effects?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Di Toro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Transplant Research Area and Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Bozzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Science, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Tavazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Urtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Transplant Research Area and Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Giuliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Transplant Research Area and Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Pizzoccheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Transplant Research Area and Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flaminia","family":"Aliberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Transplant Research Area and Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viola","family":"Fergnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Transplant Research Area and Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eloisa","family":"Arbustini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Transplant Research Area and Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021102115042157400_suab080-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03553-9","article-title":"High-dimensional characterization of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19","volume":"594","author":"Al-Aly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021102115042157400_suab080-B2"},{"key":"2021102115042157400_suab080-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01283-z","article-title":"Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Nalbandian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2021102115042157400_suab080-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n1626","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n1626","article-title":"Covid-19: hird of people infected have long term symptoms","volume":"373","author":"O'Dowd","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2021102115042157400_suab080-B5"},{"key":"2021102115042157400_suab080-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.3390\/v13040700","article-title":"Long-COVID and post-COVID health complications: an up-to-date review on clinical conditions and their possible molecular mechanisms","volume":"13","author":"Silva Andrade","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2021102115042157400_suab080-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13466","article-title":"Late phase of COVID-19 pandemic in General Cardiology. A position paper of the ESC Council for Cardiology Practice","author":"Richter","year":"2021","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2021102115042157400_suab080-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12603","article-title":"Persistent symptoms in patients after acute COVID-19","volume":"324","author":"Carf\u00ec","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2021102115042157400_suab080-B9","article-title":"Persistent symptoms in adult patients one year after COVID-19: a prospective cohort study","author":"See\u00dfle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021102115042157400_suab080-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01292-y","article-title":"Attributes and predictors of long COVID","volume":"27","author":"Sudre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2021102115042157400_suab080-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2578","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15999","article-title":"Persistent symptoms in Swedish children after hospitalisation due to COVID-19","volume":"110","author":"Sterky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"2021102115042157400_suab080-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases9030047","article-title":"COVID-19-associated cardiovascular complications","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diseases"},{"key":"2021102115042157400_suab080-B13","first-page":"100025","article-title":"Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and the cardiovascular system: what is known?","volume":"5","author":"Dixit","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am Heart J Plus"},{"key":"2021102115042157400_suab080-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2945","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10132945","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 at one year after hospital discharge","volume":"10","author":"Maestre-Mu\u00f1iz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2021102115042157400_suab080-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30407-0","article-title":"Beyond the clot: perfusion imaging of the pulmonary vasculature after COVID-19","volume":"9","author":"Dhawan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2021102115042157400_suab080-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.202175","article-title":"ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in post-COVID-19 patients: a case series","volume":"50","author":"Wong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singap"},{"key":"2021102115042157400_suab080-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-020-02332-z","article-title":"Delayed catastrophic thrombotic events in young and asymptomatic post COVID-19 patients","volume":"51","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"2021102115042157400_suab080-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jccase.2021.04.014","article-title":"Suspected subclinical myocarditis detected by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging late post COVID-19 recovery","author":"Ghugre","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cardiol Cases"},{"key":"2021102115042157400_suab080-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-021-00495-0","article-title":"Long COVID\u2014metabolic risk factors and novel therapeutic management","volume":"17","author":"Khunti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"2021102115042157400_suab080-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2021.1921252","article-title":"Alarmins, COVID-19 and comorbidities","volume":"53","author":"Di Salvo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"2021102115042157400_suab080-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2021.04.011","article-title":"Prospective case-control study of cardiovascular abnormalities 6 months following mild COVID-19 in healthcare workers","author":"Joy","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2021102115042157400_suab080-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2105968118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2105968118","article-title":"Reverse-transcribed SARS-CoV-2 RNA can integrate into the genome of cultured human cells and can be expressed in patient-derived tissues","volume":"118","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2021102115042157400_suab080-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m3026","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3026","article-title":"Management of post-acute covid-19 in primary care","volume":"370","author":"Greenhalgh","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2021102115042157400_suab080-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3956","article-title":"The COVID-19 pandemic: one year later\u2014an occupational perspective","volume":"47","author":"Burdorf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"}],"container-title":["European Heart Journal Supplements"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurheartjsupp\/article-pdf\/23\/Supplement_E\/E1\/40808135\/suab080.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurheartjsupp\/article-pdf\/23\/Supplement_E\/E1\/40808135\/suab080.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T16:57:33Z","timestamp":1634835453000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurheartjsupp\/article\/23\/Supplement_E\/E1\/6386351"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Supplement_E","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/suab080","relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-765X","1554-2815"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-765X","type":"print"},{"value":"1554-2815","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]}}}