{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]],"date-time":"2025-07-20T04:30:10Z","timestamp":1752985810382},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_B","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex syndrome and a relevant problem of public health due to its large incidence and prevalence and to the high costs for its management. The hallmark of CKD, the progressive reduction in the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), is strongly associated with an increase in cardiovascular events, such as fatal and non-fatal heart attack, stroke and heart failure, and mortality. Therefore, clinicians should pay any effort for preventing or slowing down the decline of renal function in order to reduce not only the occurrence of critical renal events (the need for dialysis or renal transplantation, among the most dreadful) but also the incidence of cardiovascular events. Accordingly, an early diagnosis and a targeted treatment in patients with kidney disease are crucial to reduce the evolution towards more advanced stages of the disease and the occurrence of complications. For a long time, the therapeutic approach to the majority of CKD patients was based on the strict control of risk factors, such as the diabetic disease and hypertension, together with the use of renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system inhibitors, particularly in the presence of albuminuria. Over time, this strategy proved to be only partially effective, since most CKD patients showed a progressive worsening of renal function. Gliflozins and incretins are novel anti-diabetic drugs that have been demonstrated to slow down the slope of eGFR reduction in patients with CKD, irrespective of diabetic status. Concurrently, these drugs showed to significantly impact cardiovascular prognosis reducing the incidence of clinical events. For their ability to act on a wide spectrum of disease, gliflozins and incretins are also called \u2018cardio\u2013nephro\u2013metabolic\u2019 drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartjsupp\/suad067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T18:01:36Z","timestamp":1682100096000},"page":"B50-B54","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Treating chronic kidney disease to reduce cardiovascular risk"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Gennaro","family":"Cice","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Policlinico Casilino , Rome , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Monzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurith\u00e9matique , Nancy , France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Cal\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Policlinico Casilino , Rome , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023042117453104300_suad067-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30045-3","article-title":"Global, regional and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study","volume":"395","author":"GBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023042117453104300_suad067-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.09.003","article-title":"US Renal data system 2019 annual data report: epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States","volume":"75","author":"Saran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Kid Dis"},{"key":"2023042117453104300_suad067-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60674-5","article-title":"Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population cohorts: a collaborative meta-analysis","volume":"375","author":"Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023042117453104300_suad067-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0627-8","article-title":"Glomerular filtrationrate by differing measure, albuminuria and prediction of cardiovascular disease, mortality and end-stage kidney disease","volume":"25","author":"Lees","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2023042117453104300_suad067-B5","first-page":"e13","article-title":"2017 ACC\/AHA\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/ASG\/ASH\/ASPC\/NMA\/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation and management of high blood pressure in adults: ACC\/AHA task force on clinical pratice guidelines","volume":"71","author":"Whelton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertens"},{"key":"2023042117453104300_suad067-B6","first-page":"1","article-title":"CKD Word group","volume":"2013","author":"Kidney disease: Improving Global outcome (K-DIGO)","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2023042117453104300_suad067-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.19.2421","article-title":"Effect of blood pressure lowering and antihypertensive drug class on progression of hypertensive kidney disease: results from the AASK trial","volume":"288","author":"Wright","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023042117453104300_suad067-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1511939","article-title":"A randomized trial of intensive versus standard blood pressure control","volume":"373","author":"SPRINT Research Group","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl. 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