{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T08:33:22Z","timestamp":1744360402911,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The outbreak of COVID-19 was potentially stressful for everyone and possibly heightened in those having surgery. We sought to explore the impact of the pandemic on recovery from cardiac surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective observational study of 196 patients who were \u226518years old undergoing cardiac surgery between March 23 and July 4, 2020 (UK lockdown) was conducted. Those too unwell or unable to give consent\/complete the questionnaires were excluded. Participants completed (on paper or electronically) the impact of event [Impact of Events Scale-revised (IES-R)] (distress related to COVID-19), depression [Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)], and EQ-5D-5L [(quality of life, health-related quality of life (HRQoL)] questionnaires at baseline, 1 week after hospital discharge, and 6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year post-surgery. Questionnaire completion was &amp;gt;75.0% at all timepoints, except at 1 week (67.3%). Most participants were male [147 (75.0%)], white British [156 (79.6%)] with an average age 63.4years. No patients had COVID-19. IES-R sand CES-D were above average at baseline (indicating higher levels of anxiety and depression) decreasing over time. HRQoL pre-surgery was high, reducing at 1 week but increasing to almost pre-operative levels at 6 weeks and exceeding pre-operative levels at 6 months and 1 year. IES-R and CES-D scores were consistently higher in women and younger patients with women also having poorer HRQoL up to 1-year after surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>High levels of distress were observed in patients undergoing cardiac surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic with women and younger participants particularly affected. Psychological support pre- and post-operatively in further crises or traumatic times should be considered to aid recovery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinicaltrials.gov ID:NCT04366167.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjcn\/zvac083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T19:13:37Z","timestamp":1663096417000},"page":"516-528","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on recovery from cardiac surgery: 1-year outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7335-2803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Sanders","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Director of Clinical Research, St Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust , London EC1A 7DN , UK"},{"name":"Honorary Clinical Professor of Cardiovascular Nursing, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London , London EC1M 6BQ , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9222-1705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teofila","family":"Bueser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Director of Clinical Research, St Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust , London EC1A 7BE , UK"},{"name":"NIHR 70@70 Senior Nurse\/Midwife Research Leader programme, National Institute for Health Research , London , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5763-0933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Beaumont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Fellow, Department of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London WC1E 7HT , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6207-6604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Dodd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Fellow, Department of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London WC1E 7HT , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah E","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lay representative, Society of Cardiothoracic Surgery of Great Britain and Ireland , London WC2A 3PE , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6665-941X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gareth","family":"Owens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair, Aortic Dissection Awareness UK , Ireland , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patient representative, The CardiacCovid study, St Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust , London EC1A 7BE , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Hyde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patient representative, The CardiacCovid study, St Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust , London EC1A 7BE , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1266-3288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Clayton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor in Applied Medical Statistics. 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