{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T03:19:19Z","timestamp":1792552759157,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This systematic review and meta-analysis sought (i) to provide an overview of the incidence of delirium following open cardiac surgery and (ii) to investigate how incidences of delirium are associated with different assessment tools.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A systematic search of studies investigating delirium following open cardiac surgery was conducted in Medline (Ovid), EMBASE, PsycINFO, CiNAHL, and the Cochrane Database. Only studies with patients diagnosed or screened with a validated tool were included. Studies published from 2005\u20132021 were included in the meta-analysis. Of 7126 individual studies retrieved, 106 met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis, hereof 31% of high quality. The weighted pooled incidence of delirium following open cardiac surgery across all studies was 23% (95% CI 20\u201326%), however we found a considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 99%), which could not be explained by subgroups or further sensitivity analyses. The most commonly applied screening tool for delirium is CAM\/CAM-ICU. The lowest estimates of delirium were found by applying the Delirium Observation Scale (incidence 14%, 95% CI 8\u201320%), and the highest estimates in studies using \u2018other\u2019 screening tools (Organic Brain Symptom Scale, Delirium Symptom Interview) with a pooled incidence of 43% (95% CI 19\u201366%), however, only two studies applied these.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Delirium following open cardiac surgery remains a complication with a high incidence of overall 23%, when applying a validated tool for screening or diagnosis. Nevertheless, this systematic review and meta-analyses highlight the significant inconsistency in current evidence regarding assessment tools and regimens.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Registration<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Prospero CRD42020215519.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjcn\/zvae066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T10:39:55Z","timestamp":1714646395000},"page":"825-832","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Incidence and assessment of delirium following open cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4418-2451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadja Buch","family":"Petersson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital , J.B. Winsl\u00f8ws Vej 4, 5000 Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malene Haugaard","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital , J.B. Winsl\u00f8ws Vej 4, 5000 Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9630-9149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob V B","family":"Hjelmborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark , Odense C ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1903-1611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Instenes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen , Bergen ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Sofie","family":"Christoffersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital , J.B. Winsl\u00f8ws Vej 4, 5000 Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6234-5181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrine Lawaetz","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital , J.B. Winsl\u00f8ws Vej 4, 5000 Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6898-2715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars Peter Sch\u00f8dt","family":"Riber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital , J.B. Winsl\u00f8ws Vej 4, 5000 Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7302-4490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tone Merete","family":"Norekv\u00e5l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen , Bergen ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2702-0231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Britt","family":"Borregaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital , J.B. Winsl\u00f8ws Vej 4, 5000 Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024121608065077000_zvae066-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"h2538","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h2538","article-title":"Outcome of delirium in critically ill patients: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"350","author":"Salluh","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2024121608065077000_zvae066-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e012683","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012683","article-title":"Readmissions and mortality in delirious versus non-delirious octogenarian patients after aortic valve therapy: a prospective cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Eide","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2024121608065077000_zvae066-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"American Psychiatric Association, diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","edition":"5 ed"},{"key":"2024121608065077000_zvae066-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1177\/1474515118810622","article-title":"I hope you get normal again\u2019: an explorative study on how delirious octogenarian patients experience their interactions with healthcare professionals and relatives after aortic valve therapy","volume":"18","author":"Instenes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"key":"2024121608065077000_zvae066-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2017.02.012","article-title":"\u201cEight days of nightmares\u2026\u201d\u2014octogenarian patients\u2019 experiences of postoperative delirium after transcatheter or surgical aortic valve replacement","volume":"27","author":"Instenes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"key":"2024121608065077000_zvae066-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4823","article-title":"Delirium pathophysiology: an updated hypothesis of the etiology of acute brain failure","volume":"33","author":"Maldonado","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024121608065077000_zvae066-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2018.04.005","article-title":"Delirium after cardiac surgery. 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