{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:28:54Z","timestamp":1791822534649,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swedish Heartchild Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An increasing number of women with congenital heart disease (CHD) reach childbearing age. These women have a higher occurrence of cardiac events, such as heart failure and arrhythmia, than women without CHD. We aimed to illuminate women\u2019s experiences in connection with pregnancy and how they understand and manage signs and symptoms in relation to their heart defects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 women with CHD of varying complexity registered at four tertiary adult CHD centres in Sweden. The interviews were conducted by video call online via Zoom, and 30\u201360\u2005min in duration. The qualitative content analysis method according to Graneheim and Lundman was used to analyse the recorded interview data.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>The analysis revealed one overarching theme, Concerned but feeling safe during pregnancy, which was built up from three themes: Feeling confident, Having concerns and fear, and Understanding bodily changes. These themes emerged from seven subthemes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite concerns, the women in this study reported feeling confident during pregnancy. They needed support throughout their pregnancy to manage the many worries and fear they experienced, both for themselves and for their unborn child. They found it somewhat difficult to interpret symptoms, but with the establishment of regular follow-up, the need for acute and unplanned interventions might decrease since the women could recognize symptoms connected to their CHD and report them earlier. The availability of a multidisciplinary team to provide support to this patient group is therefore of utmost importance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjcn\/zvaf147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T05:35:03Z","timestamp":1753335303000},"page":"1249-1257","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The experience of pregnancy for women with congenital heart disease: a qualitative study of women in Sweden"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4181-695X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malin","family":"Berghammer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University West , 461 86 Trollh\u00e4ttan ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"The Queen Silvia Children\u2019s Hospital , Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 416 50 Gothenburg ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6321-8240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annika","family":"Bay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Ume\u00e5 University , 901 87 Ume\u00e5 ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9997-8345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Jangsten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University West , 461 86 Trollh\u00e4ttan ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5629-6707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c5sa","family":"Burstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet , 171 77 Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14921","article-title":"Adult congenital heart disease: past, present and future","volume":"108","author":"Brida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.7765","article-title":"Survivorship in children and young adults with congenital heart disease in Sweden","volume":"177","author":"Mandalenakis","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2014.03.019","article-title":"Case studies of the perceptions of women with high risk congenital heart disease successfully completing a pregnancy","volume":"23","author":"Ngu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e50","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000458","article-title":"Management of pregnancy in patients with Complex congenital heart disease: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association","volume":"135","author":"Canobbio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2011-300828","article-title":"Maternal cardiovascular events during childbirth among women with congenital heart disease","volume":"98","author":"Opotowsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-022-02951-8","article-title":"Sexual and reproductive health care experiences and perceptions of women with congenital heart disease","volume":"44","author":"Stokes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.01.069","article-title":"Maternal comorbidities and complications of delivery in pregnant women with congenital heart disease","volume":"73","author":"Schlichting","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2302135","DOI":"10.1080\/14017431.2024.2302135","article-title":"Symptoms during pregnancy in primiparous women with congenital heart disease","volume":"58","author":"Bay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scand Cardiovasc J"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2333","article-title":"2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: developed by the task force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). with the special contribution of the heart failure association (HFA) of the ESC","volume":"24","author":"McDonagh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.002","article-title":"Self-reported health status (EQ-5D) in adults with congenital heart disease","volume":"165","author":"Berghammer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2023.10.002","article-title":"Exploring the healthcare needs and experiences of pregnant women with congenital heart disease: a qualitative study","volume":"37","author":"Harb","year":"2024","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951116002857","article-title":"Attitudes and perceptions of pregnant women with CHD: results of a single-site survey","volume":"27","author":"Sabanayagam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e022755","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022755","article-title":"Experiences of women with cardiac disease in pregnancy: a systematic review and metasynthesis","volume":"8","author":"Dawson","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951122004139","article-title":"Adults with CHD balancing motivations and concerns in pregnancy decision-making","volume":"33","author":"West","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e034588","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-034588","article-title":"Exploring the lived experiences of pregnancy and early motherhood in Italian women with congenital heart disease: an interpretative phenomenological analysis","volume":"10","author":"Flocco","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B16","volume-title":"Nursing Research: Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice","author":"Polit","year":"2021"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4252","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab571","article-title":"Maternal and neonatal complications in women with congenital heart disease: a nationwide analysis","volume":"42","author":"Lammers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa554","article-title":"2020 ESC guidelines for the management of adult congenital heart disease: the task force for the management of adult congenital heart disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). endorsed by: association for European paediatric and congenital cardiology (AEPC), international society for adult congenital heart disease (ISACHD)","volume":"42","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2003.10.001","article-title":"Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness","volume":"24","author":"Graneheim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2017.06.002","article-title":"Methodological challenges in qualitative content analysis: a discussion paper","volume":"56","author":"Graneheim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053","article-title":"World medical association declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects","volume":"310","author":"World Medical A","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1017\/S104795111600038X","article-title":"Current attitudes and clinical practice towards the care of pregnant women with underlying CHD: a paediatric cardiology perspective","volume":"27","author":"Cribbs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3165","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy340","article-title":"2018 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy","volume":"39","author":"Regitz-Zagrosek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.13532","article-title":"The healthcare experiences of women with cardiac disease in pregnancy and postpartum: a qualitative study","volume":"25","author":"Hutchens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Expect"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1017\/S104795112300080X","article-title":"Self-reported quality of life before, during, and after pregnancy in women with CHD","volume":"34","author":"Wedlund","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295782","DOI":"10.1080\/14017431.2023.2295782","article-title":"Self-rated health in primiparous women with congenital heart disease before, during and after pregnancy - A register study","volume":"58","author":"Holstad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scand Cardiovasc J"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmwh.2008.08.003","article-title":"Frequency, severity, and effect on life of physical symptoms experienced during pregnancy","volume":"54","author":"Kamysheva","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Midwifery Womens Health"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.2009.01054.x","article-title":"Childbirth fear, anxiety, fatigue, and sleep deprivation in pregnant women","volume":"38","author":"Hall","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2005.08.006","article-title":"Young adults experiences of living with congenital heart disease","volume":"110","author":"Berghammer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/chd.12244","article-title":"Committed to life: adolescents\u2019 and young adults\u2019 experiences of living with fontan circulation","volume":"10","author":"Berghammer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Congenit Heart Dis"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3848","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz136","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes in women with cardiovascular disease: evolving trends over 10 years in the ESC registry of pregnancy and cardiac disease (ROPAC)","volume":"40","author":"Roos-Hesselink","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2642","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30293-9","article-title":"Accelerate progress-sexual and reproductive health and rights for all: report of the guttmacher-lancet commission","volume":"391","author":"Starrs","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.11.084","article-title":"Assessment of patterns of patient-reported outcomes in adults with congenital heart disease\u2014international study (APPROACH-IS): rationale, design, and methods","volume":"179","author":"Apers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2025122910293661500_zvaf147-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2018.815","article-title":"Interviews and focus groups in qualitative research: an update for the digital age","volume":"225","author":"Gill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br Dent J"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjcn\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/eurjcn\/zvaf147\/63836432\/zvaf147.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjcn\/article-pdf\/24\/8\/1249\/63836432\/zvaf147.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjcn\/article-pdf\/24\/8\/1249\/63836432\/zvaf147.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T15:29:49Z","timestamp":1767022189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjcn\/article\/24\/8\/1249\/8211438"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurjcn\/zvaf147","relation":{},"ISSN":["1474-5151","1873-1953"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1474-5151","type":"print"},{"value":"1873-1953","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]}}}