{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T22:33:27Z","timestamp":1784241207314,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Modified Caregiver Strain Index (M-CSI) is a 13-item instrument that measures caregiver strain among various populations. A Danish version is lacking, and the psychometric properties among relatives of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors are unknown. This study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Danish version of the M-CSI in relatives of OHCA survivors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study used data from the national cross-sectional DANCAS (DANish Cardiac Arrest Survivorship) survey, where relatives of OHCA survivors completed the Danish versions of M-CSI, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the World Health Organisation\u2019s Five Well-being Index (WHO-5). The M-CSI was forward- and back-translated, pre-tested, and culturally adapted. Structural validity was examined with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and construct validity was investigated using a priori hypothesis testing (known-groups validity) and correlations with the other instruments (convergent validity\/overlapping constructs). The internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1. In total, 561 relatives responded (response rate 45%), of which 88% were women, the median age was 64, and 24% reported caregiver strain (M-CSI \u22657). The EFA supported a one-factor structure. Based on the a priori hypotheses, it was confirmed that younger caregivers (&amp;lt;55 years) described more caregiver strain (effect size \u03b4 = 0.13; small). Correlations between M-CSI, HADS-A, HADS-D, and WHO-5 were moderate. Internal consistency was \u03b1 = 0.90.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Danish version of the M-CSI demonstrated good structural validity, good internal consistency reliability, and good construct validity in relatives of OHCA survivors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjcn\/zvaf226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T13:15:37Z","timestamp":1763730937000},"page":"732-741","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and psychometric properties of the Danish version of the Modified Caregiver Strain Index (M-CSI) among relatives of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1168-5968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofie Moesgaard","family":"Bruvik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital , J.B. 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Winsl\u00f8ws Vej 4, Odense C 5000 ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark , 5000 Odense C ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicky","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Paramedicine, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University , G4 0BA Glasgow ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siri","family":"Rosenkilde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark , 1455 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofie","family":"M\u00f8ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark , 1455 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trine B","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital , 2900 Hellerup ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Wieghorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark , 5230 Odense M ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"REPHA, The Danish Knowledge Center for Rehabilitation and Palliative Care, Odense University Hospital , 5800 Nyborg ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1114-7465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet , 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen , 1353 Copenhagen K ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9241-2090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann-Dorthe","family":"Zwisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REPHA, The Danish Knowledge Center for Rehabilitation and Palliative Care, Odense University Hospital , 5800 Nyborg ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Clinic for Palliative Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Oncology , Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2702-0231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Britt","family":"Borregaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital , J.B. 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