{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T08:58:04Z","timestamp":1770109084996,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,18]],"date-time":"2010-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1263772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Insulin-dependent positive inotropic effects (PIE) are partially Ca2+ independent. This mechanism is potentially glucose dependent. In contrast to most animal species, human myocardium expresses high levels of sodium-glucose-transporter-1 (SGLT-1) mRNA besides the common glucose-transporters-1 and -4 (GLUT1, GLUT4).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used ventricular myocardium from 61 end-stage failing human hearts (ischaemic cardiomyopathy, ICM and dilated cardiomyopathy, DCM) and 13 non-failing donor hearts. The effect of insulin on isometric twitch force was examined with or without blocking of PI3-kinase, GLUT4-translocation, or SGLT-1. Substrate-dependent (glucose vs. pyruvate vs. palmitoyl-carnitine) effects were tested in atrial myocardium. mRNA expression of glucose transporters was analysed. Insulin increased developed force by 122 \u00b1 7.4, 121.7 \u00b1 2.5, and 134.1 \u00b1 5.7% in non-failing, DCM, and ICM (P &amp;lt; 0.05 vs. DCM), respectively. Positive inotropic effect was partially blunted by inhibition of PI-3-kinase, GLUT4, or SGLT1. Combined inhibition of PI3-kinase and glucose-transport completely abolished PIE. Positive inotropic effect was significantly stronger in glucose-containing solution compared with pyruvate or palmitoyl-carnitine containing. mRNA expression showed only a tendency towards elevated GLUT4-expression in ICM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Positive inotropic effect of insulin is pronounced in ICM, but underlying mechanisms are unaltered. The Ca2+-independent PIE of insulin is mediated via glucose-transporters. Together with the Ca2+-dependent PI-3-kinase mediated pathway, it is responsible for the entire PIE. Substrate-dependency affirms a glucose-dependent part of the PIE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfp191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,18]],"date-time":"2010-01-18T13:49:18Z","timestamp":1263822558000},"page":"106-113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Functional Effects of Glucose Transporters in Human Ventricular Myocardium"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Dirk","family":"von Lewinski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Working Group Metabolism and Energetics, Medical University Graz , Graz ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Gasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Working Group Metabolism and Energetics, Medical University Graz , Graz ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter 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