{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T02:51:07Z","timestamp":1790045467399,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]],"date-time":"2010-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1288569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute pulmonary oedema (APE) is the second, after acutely decompensated chronic heart failure (ADHF), most frequent form of acute heart failure (AHF). This subanalysis examines the clinical profile, prognostic factors, and management of APE patients (n = 1820, 36.7%) included in the Acute Heart Failure Global Survey of Standard Treatment (ALARM-HF).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ALARM-HF included a total of 4953 patients hospitalized for AHF in Europe, Latin America, and Australia. The final diagnosis was made at discharge, and patients were classified according to European Society of Cardiology guidelines. Patients with APE had higher in-hospital mortality (7.4 vs. 6.0%, P = 0.057) compared with ADHF patients (n = 1911, 38.5%), and APE patients exhibited higher systolic blood pressures (P &amp;lt; 0.001) at admission and higher left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, P &amp;lt; 0.01) than those with ADHF. These patients also had a higher prevalence of diabetes (P &amp;lt; 0.01), arterial hypertension (P &amp;lt; 0.001), peripheral vascular disease (P &amp;lt; 0.001), and chronic renal disease (P &amp;lt; 0.05). They were also more likely to receive intravenous (i.v.) diuretics (P &amp;lt; 0.001), i.v. nitrates (P &amp;lt; 0.01), dopamine (P &amp;lt; 0.05), and non-invasive ventilation (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Low systolic blood pressure (P &amp;lt; 0.001), low LVEF (&amp;lt;0.05), serum creatinine \u22651.4 mg\/dL (P &amp;lt; 0.001), history of cardiomyopathy (P &amp;lt; 0.05), and previous cardiovascular event (P &amp;lt; 0.001) were independently associated with increased in-hospital mortality in the APE population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>APE differs in clinical profile, in-hospital management, and mortality compared with ADHF. Admission characteristics (systolic blood pressure and LVEF), renal function, and history may identify high-risk APE patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,14]],"date-time":"2010-09-14T00:14:25Z","timestamp":1284423265000},"page":"1193-1202","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Acute Pulmonary Oedema: Clinical Characteristics, Prognostic Factors, and in-Hospital Management"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"John T.","family":"Parissis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure Clinic and Second Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens , Athens ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Nikolaou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure Clinic and Second Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens , Athens ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Mebazaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hospital Lariboisi\u00e8re, APHP, Universit\u00e9 Paris Diderot Paris 7 , U942 Inserm, Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignatios","family":"Ikonomidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure Clinic and Second Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens , Athens ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure and Transplant Unit, Cardiology Department, Hospital Doce de Octubre , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Vilas-Boas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Division and Heart Failure and Transplantation Program, Hospital Espanhol , Salvador, Bahia ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Paraskevaidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure Clinic and Second Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens , Athens ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antony","family":"Mc Lean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, University of Sydney , Penrith, New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Kremastinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure Clinic and Second Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens , Athens ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferenc","family":"Follath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020203343664100_ejhfhfq138-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2004.08.005","article-title":"Characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for heart failure in the United States: rationale, design, and preliminary observations from the first 100,000 cases in the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE)","volume":"149","author":"Adams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026020203343664100_ejhfhfq138-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2004.03.004","article-title":"Organized Program to Initiate Lifesaving Treatment in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure (OPTIMIZE-HF): rationale and design","volume":"148","author":"Fonarow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026020203343664100_ejhfhfq138-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2007.12.012","article-title":"Gender related differences in patients presenting with acute heart failure. 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