{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T04:36:15Z","timestamp":1780806975716,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether reverse left ventricular (LV) remodelling relates to long-term outcome, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), mode of death, and symptomatic response after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three hundred and twenty-two patients with heart failure (HF) [age 69.2 \u00b1 10.7 years (mean \u00b1 standard deviation)] underwent a clinical assessment and echocardiography before and at a maximum of 9.1 years (median: 36.2 months) after CRT device implantation. Left ventricular reverse remodelling (\u226515% reduction in LV end-systolic volume) predicted survival from cardiovascular death (HR: 0.57, P = 0.0066), death from any cause (HR: 0.59, P = 0.0064), death from any cause\/hospitalizations for MACE (HR: 0.67, P = 0.0158), and death from pump failure (HR: 0.45, P = 0.0024), independent of beta-blocker use, HF aetiology, gender, baseline NYHA class, and atrial rhythm. Left ventricular reverse remodelling did not predict sudden cardiac death. At 1 year, the symptomatic response rate (improvement by \u22651 NYHA classes or \u226525% increase in walking distance) was 86% in survivors and 76% in non-survivors (P = NS). Left ventricular reverse remodelling did not predict symptomatic response and the symptomatic response did not predict clinical outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Left ventricular reverse remodelling is an independent predictor of clinical outcome for up to 5 years after CRT device implantation. Pump failure, rather than sudden cardiac death, is primarily responsible for this association. Left ventricular reverse remodelling, however, does not predict a symptomatic response. There is discordance between the symptomatic response to and the survival benefit of CRT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,4]],"date-time":"2010-11-04T20:46:28Z","timestamp":1288903588000},"page":"43-51","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Left Ventricular Reverse Remodelling, Long-Term Clinical Outcome, and Mode of Death After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Paul W.X.","family":"Foley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Birmingham ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shajil","family":"Chalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Birmingham ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayvan","family":"Khadjooi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Good Hope Hospital , Sutton Coldfield ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Irwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Good Hope Hospital , Sutton Coldfield ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell E.A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Birmingham ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Leyva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Birmingham ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2008.08.005","article-title":"ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA) and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM)","volume":"10","author":"Dickstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfp149","article-title":"Implementation of device therapy (cardiac resynchronization therapy and implantable cardioverter defibrillator) for patients with heart failure in Europe: changes from 2004 to 2008","volume":"11","author":"van Veldhuisen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.87.3.755","article-title":"Progressive left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling after myocardial infarction. Potential mechanisms and early predictors","volume":"87","author":"Gaudron","year":"1993","journal-title":". Circulation"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.76.1.44","article-title":"Left ventricular end-systolic volume as the major determinant of survival after recovery from myocardial infarction","volume":"76","author":"White","year":"1987","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.88.5.2277","article-title":"Effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril on the long-term progression of left ventricular dilatation in patients with asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction","volume":"88","author":"Konstam","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ciculation"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)01006-8","article-title":"Antiremodeling effects on the left ventricle during beta-blockade with metoprolol in the treatment of chronic heart failure","volume":"36","author":"Groenning","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.538272","article-title":"Left ventricular reverse remodeling but not clinical improvement predicts long-term survival after cardiac resynchronization therapy","volume":"112","author":"Yu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.10.032","article-title":"Long-term prognosis after cardiac resynchronization therapy is related to the extent of left ventricular reverse remodeling at midterm follow-up","volume":"53","author":"Ypenburg","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2470","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp368","article-title":"Characteristics of heart failure patients associated with good and poor response to cardiac resynchronization therapy: a PROSPECT (Predictors of Response to CRT) sub-analysis","volume":"30","author":"van Bommel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.11.008","article-title":"Comparison of time course of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with ischemic versus nonischemic cardiomyopathy","volume":"103","author":"Marsan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2008.01317.x","article-title":"Relationship of reverse anatomical remodeling and ventricular arrhythmias after cardiac resynchronization","volume":"20","author":"Markowitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-7120-6-58","article-title":"Implementation of seven echocardiographic parameters of myocardial asynchrony to improve the long-term response rate of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)","volume":"6","author":"Knebel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Ultrasound"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H640","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00106.2008","article-title":"Mechanical discoordination rather than dyssynchrony predicts reverse remodeling upon cardiac resynchronization","volume":"295","author":"Kirn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0014","first-page":"919","article-title":"The 6-minute walk: a new measure of exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"132","author":"Guyatt","year":"1985","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00804-4","article-title":"Myocardial infarction redefined\u2014a consensus document of The Joint European Society of Cardiology\/American College of Cardiology Committee for the redefinition of myocardial infarction","volume":"36","author":"Alpert","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.07.049","article-title":"Cardiovascular magnetic resonance, fibrosis, and prognosis in dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"48","author":"Assomull","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1053\/eupc.1998.0032","article-title":"Determination of the optimal atrioventricular delay in DDD pacing: Comparison between echo and peak endocardial acceleration measurements","volume":"1","author":"Ritter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-7317(89)80014-8","article-title":"Recommendations for quantitation of the left ventricle by two-dimensional echocardiography. American Society of Echocardiography Committee on Standards, Subcommittee on Quantitation of Two-Dimensional Echocardiograms","volume":"2","author":"Schiller","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0019","first-page":"742","volume-title":"Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine","author":"Myerburg","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(89)90579-1","article-title":"Long-term predictors of sudden and low output death in chronic congestive heart failure secondary to coronary artery disease","volume":"64","author":"Rockman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050496","article-title":"The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure","volume":"352","author":"Cleland","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Eng J Med"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000065226.24159.E9","article-title":"Effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy on left ventricular size and function in chronic heart failure","volume":"107","author":"St John Sutton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.08.016","article-title":"Left ventricular dyssynchrony predicts response and prognosis after cardiac resynchronization therapy","volume":"44","author":"Bax","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Col Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2880","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn582","article-title":"Validation of an echocardiographic multiparametric strategy to increase responders patients after cardiac resynchronization: a multicentre study","volume":"30","author":"Lafitte","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2608","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.743120","article-title":"Results of the Predictors of Response to CRT (PROSPECT) Trial","volume":"117","author":"Chung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.07.043","article-title":"Antiarrhythmic effect of reverse ventricular remodeling induced by cardiac resynchronization therapy: the InSync ICD (Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator) Italian Registry","volume":"52","author":"Di Biase","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015074","article-title":"Mode of death in chronic heart failure. A request and proposition for more accurate classification","volume":"17","author":"Narang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000145169.82004.CF","article-title":"Left ventricular pacing minimizes diastolic ventricular interaction, allowing improved preload-dependent systolic performance","volume":"110","author":"Bleasdale","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.08.019","article-title":"Acute effects of initiation and withdrawal of cardiac resynchronization therapy on papillary muscle dyssynchrony and mitral regurgitation","volume":"50","author":"Ypenburg","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8090-3-54","article-title":"Echocardiographic evaluation of mitral geometry in functional mitral regurgitation","volume":"3","author":"Sadeghpour","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200103223441202","article-title":"Effects of multisite biventricular pacing in patients with heart failure and interventricular conduction delay","volume":"344","author":"Cazeau","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0906431","article-title":"Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for the prevention of heart-failure events","volume":"361","author":"Moss","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.818724","article-title":"Cardiac resynchronization induces major structural and functional reverse remodeling in patients with New York Heart Association class I\/II heart failure","volume":"120","author":"St John Sutton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq029","article-title":"Effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy in mild congestive heart failure: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"12","author":"Lubitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.03.056","article-title":"Four-year efficacy of cardiac resynchronization therapy on exercise tolerance and disease progression","volume":"48","author":"Gasparini","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2007.129429","article-title":"Long-term effects of cardiac resynchronisation therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation","author":"Khadjooi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2005.064816","article-title":"Cardiac resynchronisation therapy in chronic atrial fibrillation: impact on left atrial size and reversal to sinus rhythm","volume":"92","author":"Kies","year":"2006","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-005-6545-3","article-title":"Ventricular reverse remodeling and 6-month outcomes in patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy: analysis of the MIRACLE study","volume":"12","author":"Woo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026020203312757200_ejhfhfq182-bib-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2006.08.026","article-title":"Comparison of two- and three-dimensional echocardiography with sequential magnetic resonance imaging for evaluating left ventricular volume and ejection fraction over time in patients with healed myocardial infarction","volume":"99","author":"Jenkins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol,"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Heart Failure"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1093%2Feurjhf%2Fhfq182","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1093%2Feurjhf%2Fhfq182","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq182","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq182","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjhf\/article-pdf\/13\/1\/43\/66470183\/eurjhf_13_1_43.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjhf\/article-pdf\/13\/1\/43\/66470183\/eurjhf_13_1_43.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T08:31:39Z","timestamp":1770021099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjhf\/article\/13\/1\/43\/8431006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq182","relation":{},"ISSN":["1388-9842","1879-0844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1388-9842","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-0844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]]}}}