{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T17:56:13Z","timestamp":1770141373454,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]],"date-time":"2011-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1314835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In many patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) even normal daily life activities cause dyspnoea and fatigue, well-being might be considerably improved by even a modest decrease in such symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate if lowering breathing rate with the help of a respiratory modulation (RM) device could improve symptoms in patients with CHF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stable CHF patients with symptoms of dyspnoea were randomized to twice-daily 20 min sessions using an RM device or to music listening (ML) using a CD player, for a 4-week study period. Respiratory modulation guides the user to achieve a slow breathing rate (&amp;lt;10 breaths\/min) while increasing exhalation time (Tex) relative to inhalation time (Tin). Lower breathing rate was accomplished by synchronizing respiratory movements with musical tones generated in response to breathing movements monitored with a belt-type sensor. Endpoints were reduced breathlessness and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class. Seventy-two patients (52 male, age 73 \u00b1 11 years, NYHA 3.1 \u00b1 0.9) were randomized and 65 completed the study (30 RM and 35 ML, respectively). There was no in-between group improvement in breathlessness and NYHA class. Patients in the RM group who displayed an average increase in Tex\/Tin of &amp;gt;0.2 and a reduction in the average respiration rate during 30 sessions were considered responders. Responders reported reduced breathlessness (\u22120.86 \u00b1 0.23 units, P &amp;lt; 0.005) and improved NYHA class (\u22120.64 \u00b1 0.20, P &amp;lt; 0.01) compared with non-responders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Device-guided RM might have the potential to relieve symptoms of heart failure in outpatients by changing their breathing pattern.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfr090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,29]],"date-time":"2011-07-29T20:21:42Z","timestamp":1311970902000},"page":"1000-1005","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Impact of Device-Guided Slow Breathing on Symptoms of Chronic Heart Failure: A Randomized, Controlled Feasibility Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Inger","family":"Ekman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Care Sciences, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg \u00a0","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Centre for Person-centered Care, (GPCC), University of Gothenburg \u00a0","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbro","family":"Kjellstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, the Karolinska institute , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Falk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Care Sciences, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg \u00a0","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonna","family":"Norman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Care Sciences, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg \u00a0","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Swedberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Person-centered Care, (GPCC), University of Gothenburg \u00a0","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Emergency and Cardiovascular Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg \u00a0","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020203290815700_ejhfhfr090-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2008.08.005","article-title":"ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology. 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