{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:21:41Z","timestamp":1790767301850,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]],"date-time":"2011-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1322697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increased afterload in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) causes right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy and failure. Since RV remodelling occurs with alterations in RV oxygen metabolism, increasing our understanding in the factors determining RV O2 consumption in IPAH is necessary. In the left ventricle, it is known that heart rate and systolic blood pressure are the main determinants of myocardial O2 consumption (MVO2). However, the normal right heart has lower oxygen extraction and perfusion than the left myocardium, and RV energy metabolism is changed in hypertrophy. Therefore, it is not obvious that the relationsships of pressure and heart rate to MVO2 hold for the overloaded human right heart. We hypothesize that systolic pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and heart rate (HR) are the major determinants of RV MVO2 in IPAH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 18 IPAH patients (New York Heart Association class II and III), RV MVO2 was determined using positron emission tomography and 15O tracers. PAP and HR were measured during right heart catheterization. RV MVO2 was found to be related to systolic PAP (R2 = 0.54, P &amp;lt; 0.001), and inversely to stroke volume (R2 = 0.32, P = 0.015) and HR (R2 = 0.32, P = 0.014). Relationships of MVO2 to the rate pressure product (RPP), i.e. systolic pressure \u00d7 HR, and wall stress were R2 = 0.55, P &amp;lt; 0.001, and R2 = 0.30, P = 0.020, respectively. Multiple regression of MVO2 on HR and systolic PAP gave R2 = 0.59, P = 0.001.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systolic PAP and HR are the major determinants of RV MVO2 in IPAH. A further increase of HR and PAP with IPAH progression suggests a compromised RV myocardial oxygen availability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfr140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,20]],"date-time":"2011-10-20T21:10:25Z","timestamp":1319145025000},"page":"1290-1295","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Systolic Pulmonary Artery Pressure and Heart Rate are Main Determinants of Oxygen Consumption in the Right Ventricular Myocardium of Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yeun Ying","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico","family":"Westerhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerrina","family":"Ruiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Lubberink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET-Research, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter","family":"Raijmakers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET-Research, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Knaapen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Department of Physics & Medical Technology, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Tim","family":"Marcus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Department of Physics & Medical Technology, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anco","family":"Boonstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, VU University Medical Center , De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriaan A.","family":"Lammertsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET-Research, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willem J.","family":"van der Laarse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anton","family":"Vonk-Noordegraaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, VU University Medical Center , De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01496-6","article-title":"Right ventricular ischemia in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"38","author":"Gomez","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10100725","article-title":"Right and left ventricular myocardial perfusion reserves correlate with right ventricular function and pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"258","author":"Vogel-Claussen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm567","article-title":"Right coronary artery flow impairment in patients with pulmonary hypertension","volume":"29","author":"Van Wolferen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1972.32.4.516","article-title":"Hemodynamic correlates of myocardial oxygen consumption during upright exercise","volume":"32","author":"Kitamura","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1977.tb38200.x","article-title":"Myocardial blood flow and oxygen consumption during exercise","volume":"301","author":"Jorgensen","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.50.6.1179","article-title":"Hemodynamic predictors of myocardial oxygen consumption during static and dynamic exercise","volume":"50","author":"Nelson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1957.192.1.148","article-title":"Hemodynamic determinants of oxygen consumption of the heart with special reference to the tension\u2013time index","volume":"192","author":"Sarnoff","year":"1958","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.6.5.656","article-title":"The relation of cardiac effort to myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary flow","volume":"6","author":"Katz","year":"1958","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1177\/153537020523000801","article-title":"Mechanisms of oxygen demand\/supply balance in the right ventricle","volume":"230","author":"Zong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H823","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.281.2.H823","article-title":"Right ventricular oxygen supply\/demand balance in exercising dogs","volume":"281","author":"Hart","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0011","first-page":"H761","article-title":"Right and left ventricular oxygen metabolism in open-chest dogs","volume":"243","author":"Kusachi","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1253\/jcj.53.1310","article-title":"Coronary flow reserve and oxygen metabolism of the right ventricle","volume":"53","author":"Saito","year":"1989","journal-title":"Jpn Circ J"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)62214-X","article-title":"Coronary vasodilator reserve in young dogs with moderate right ventricular hypertrophy","volume":"38","author":"Botham","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109478","article-title":"Effects of exerimental right ventricular hypertrophy on myocardial blood flow in conscious dogs","volume":"64","author":"Murray","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-1263","article-title":"Right ventricular diastolic dysfunction and the acute effects of sildenafil in pulmonary hypertension patients","volume":"132","author":"Gan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000138108.68719.C1","article-title":"Effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on myocardial perfusion reserve","volume":"110","author":"Knaapen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.110.080408","article-title":"Myocardial oxygen extraction fraction measured using bolus inhalation of 15O-oxygen gas and dynamic PET","volume":"52","author":"Lubberink","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.4.792","article-title":"Noninvasive quantification of regional myocardial metabolic rate for oxygen by use of 15O2 inhalation and positron emission tomography","volume":"94","author":"Iida","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s002590050279","article-title":"Measurement of myocardial blood flow with oxygen-15 labelled water: comparison of different administration protocols","volume":"25","author":"Hermansen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0020","first-page":"2169","article-title":"Myocardial tissue fraction\u2014correction for partial volume effects and measure of tissue viability","volume":"32","author":"Iida","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(91)82201-9","article-title":"Relation between left ventricular cavity pressure and volume and systolic fiber stress and strain in the wall","volume":"59","author":"Arts","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-009-9501-y","article-title":"Intra-observer and interobserver variability of biventricular function, volumes and mass in patients with congenital heart disease measured by CMR imaging","volume":"26","author":"Luijnenburg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22011","article-title":"Measuring the heart in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH): implications for trial study size","volume":"31","author":"Bradlow","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.01.359","article-title":"Relation of resting heart rate to prognosis in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"103","author":"Henkens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1159\/000169852","article-title":"Exercise testing and indirect assessment of myocardial oxygen consumption in evaluation of angina pectoris","volume":"62","author":"Amsterdam","year":"1977","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.63.3.302-a","article-title":"The use of indirect indices of myocardial oxygen consumption in evaluating angina pectoris","volume":"63","author":"Goldstein","year":"1973","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(79)90295-9","article-title":"Myocardial oxygen consumption in chronic heart disease: role of wall stress, hypertrophy and coronary reserve","volume":"44","author":"Strauer","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0028","first-page":"214","article-title":"Importance of right ventricular end-systolic regional wall stress in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: a new method for estimation of right ventricular wall stress","volume":"11","author":"Quaife","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200910-1643OC","article-title":"Right ventricular oscillatory power is a constant fraction of total power irrespective of pulmonary artery pressure","volume":"182","author":"Saouti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1253\/jcj.57.533","article-title":"Relationship between pressure\u2013rate product and myocardial oxygen consumption of normal and hypertrophic right ventricles in open-chest dogs","volume":"57","author":"Saito","year":"1993","journal-title":"Jpn Circ J"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.01.021","article-title":"Effects of enhanced external counterpulsation on arterial stiffness and myocardial oxygen demand in patients with chronic angina pectoris","volume":"107","author":"Casey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200912-1856OC","article-title":"Prognostic significance of sympathetic nervous system activation in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"181","author":"Ciarka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq062","article-title":"Exercise stroke volume and heart rate response differ in right and left heart failure","volume":"12","author":"Groepenhoff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfp171","article-title":"Caveat medicus! Pulmonary hypertension in the elderly: a word of caution","volume":"12","author":"Boilson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026020203272366500_ejhfhfr140-bib-0035","first-page":"75","article-title":"Myocardial blood flow measurement by PET: technical aspects and clinical applications","volume":"46","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Heart Failure"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1093%2Feurjhf%2Fhfr140","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1093%2Feurjhf%2Fhfr140","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfr140","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfr140","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjhf\/article-pdf\/13\/12\/1290\/66468975\/eurjhf_13_12_1290.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjhf\/article-pdf\/13\/12\/1290\/66468975\/eurjhf_13_12_1290.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T08:27:31Z","timestamp":1770020851000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjhf\/article\/13\/12\/1290\/8430819"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfr140","relation":{},"ISSN":["1388-9842","1879-0844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1388-9842","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-0844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]}}}