{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T17:28:22Z","timestamp":1768930102783,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Specific causes and modes of death (COD and MOD) of patients with heart failure (HF) are not well described, particularly in those with preserved ejection fraction &amp;gt;45% (HFPEF) and at old age. Thus, using the database of the TIME-CHF study, patients with HFPEF were compared with those with reduced ejection fraction \u226445% (HFREF), and patients \u226575 with those 60\u201374 years of age to identify MOD and COD, predictors of death, and event rates before death as compared with survivors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the 18-month follow-up, 132\/622 patients (21%) died, with similar rates in patients with HFPEF and HFREF and a trend to higher rates in patients aged \u226575 years (24% vs. 17%, P = 0.06). COD and MOD (ACME system) were not different in the age groups. COD was more often non-cardiovascular in HFPEF patients than in HFREF patients (33% vs. 16%, P &amp;lt; 0.05) and cardiac MOD were more frequent in HFREF patients (75% vs. 56%, P &amp;lt; 0.05), mainly due to more sudden deaths (25% vs. 7%, P &amp;lt; 0.05). Patients who died experienced a median of four adverse events (interquartile range 1\u20137) and one (0\u20131) hospitalization within 60 days prior to death compared with 0.7 (0.4\u20131.4) and 0.1 (0.0\u20130.2) during a randomly selected 60 days in survivors (all P &amp;lt; 0.0001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite similar 18-month mortality in patients with HFREF and those with HFPEF, important differences in COD and MOD were found which were not observed between the two age groups. A high rate of adverse events and hospitalizations preceded death. These observations may be relevant for the management of HF patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfs113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,7]],"date-time":"2012-07-07T21:32:08Z","timestamp":1341696728000},"page":"1218-1229","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Why and How do Elderly Patients with Heart Failure Die? Insights from the TIME-CHF Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Rickenbacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel \u00a0","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine University Department , Kantonsspital Bruderholz ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Pfisterer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel \u00a0","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thilo","family":"Burkard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel \u00a0","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Kiowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HerzGef\u00e4ssZentrum , Klinik im Park, Z\u00fcrich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ferenc","family":"Follath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HerzGef\u00e4ssZentrum , Klinik im Park, Z\u00fcrich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dieter","family":"Burckhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel \u00a0","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Schindler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel \u00a0","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans-Peter","family":"Brunner-La Rocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel \u00a0","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center , Maastricht ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"for the TIME-CHF Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026011921165312000_ejhfhfs113-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.108.796250","article-title":"Does it matter why and how patients with heart failure die?","volume":"1","author":"Hauptman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026011921165312000_ejhfhfs113-bib-0002","first-page":"e46","article-title":"update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"121","author":"American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. 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