{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T21:36:30Z","timestamp":1775770590643,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007405","name":"Danish Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17-R116-A7610-22048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17-R116-A7610-22048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007405","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with heart failure and low income have a high mortality risk. We examined whether lower survival among low-income patients with heart failure could be explained by different use of \u03b2 -blockers, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi), and implanted devices compared with high-income patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We linked Danish national registries to identify patients with new-onset heart failure between 2005 and 2016. A total of 18\u00a0308 patients was included in the main analysis. We collected information on medical treatment and device therapy after discharge. We investigated the remaining income disparity if everybody had the same probability of treatment as the high-income patients. We used causal mediation analysis to examine to what extent treatment differences mediate the association between income and 1-year mortality in strata defined by sex and cohabitation status. If low-income patients had the same probability of initiating \u03b2-blockers and RASi treatment as high-income patients, low-income men who lived alone would increase initiation of treatment by 12.4% (CI: 10.0% to 14.9%) and as a result reduce their absolute 1-year mortality by 1.0% (CI: \u22121.4% to \u22120.5%). If low-income patients had the same probability of not having breaks in medical treatment and getting device therapy, as high-income patients, low-income patients would increase the probability of not having breaks in treatment between 1.8% and 5.8% and increase the probability of getting device therapy between 1.0% and 3.8%, across strata of sex and cohabitation status.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lower rates of treatment initiation appear to mediate the poorer survival seen among patients with heart failure and low income, but only in males living alone.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaa005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T04:13:55Z","timestamp":1609474435000},"page":"78-86","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The mediating role of effective treatments in the relationship between income level and survival in patients with heart failure: a sex- and cohabitation-stratified study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3506-6507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Andersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, The Danish Heart Foundation, Vognmagergade 7, 3.sal, 1120 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas A","family":"Gerds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, The Danish Heart Foundation, Vognmagergade 7, 3.sal, 1120 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, \u00d8ster Farimagsgade 5, 1353, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark A","family":"Hlatky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research and Policy, Campus Drive, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Gislason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, The Danish Heart Foundation, Vognmagergade 7, 3.sal, 1120 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 6, 2900 Hellerup, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1274-5072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morten","family":"Schou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 6, 2900 Hellerup, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Torp-Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Nordsj\u00e6llands Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, 3400, Hiller\u00f8d, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9100, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sidsel","family":"M\u00f8ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 6, 2900 Hellerup, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Madelaire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 6, 2900 Hellerup, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katrine","family":"Strandberg-Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, \u00d8ster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021032312263761600_zwaa005-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025941","article-title":"Age-specific trends in incidence, mortality and comorbidities of heart failure in Denmark 1995-2012","volume":"135","author":"Christiansen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021032312263761600_zwaa005-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.492033","article-title":"Changing incidence and survival for heart failure in a well-defined older population, 1970-1974 and 1990-1994","volume":"113","author":"Barker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021032312263761600_zwaa005-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000659","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics-2019 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