{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T12:12:41Z","timestamp":1789474361197,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]],"date-time":"2020-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this study was to assess the performance of eight clinical risk prediction scores to identify individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) at high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, as defined by the presence of atherosclerotic plaques.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CVD risk was estimated in 210 eligible SLE patients without prior CVD or diabetes mellitus (female: 93.3%, mean age: 44.8\u2009\u00b1\u200912 years) using five generic (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), Framingham Risk Score (FRS), Pooled Cohort Risk Equations (ASCVD), Globorisk, Prospective Cardiovascular M\u00fcnster Study risk calculator (PROCAM)) and three \u2018SLE-adapted\u2019 (modified-SCORE, modified-FRS, QRESEARCH risk estimator, version 3 (QRISK3)) CVD risk scores, as well as ultrasound examination of the carotid and femoral arteries. Calibration, discrimination and classification measures to identify high CVD risk based on the presence of atherosclerotic plaques were assessed for all risk models. CVD risk reclassification was applied for all scores by incorporating ultrasound results.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Moderate calibration (p-value range from 0.38 to 0.63) and discrimination (area under the curve 0.73\u20130.84), and low-to-moderate sensitivity (8.3\u201371.4%) and classification ability (Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) 0.25\u20130.47) were observed for all risk models to identify patients with plaques at any arterial site as high-risk. MCC was improved for modified-FRS versus FRS (0.43 vs 0.36), but not for modified-SCORE versus SCORE (0.25 vs 0.25). Based on plaque presence, CVD risk was upgraded to high-risk in 10%, 16.1%, 20.5%, 21.5%, 24%, 28.2% and 28.6% of cases classified as non-high-risk by QRISK3, modified-FRS, Globorisk, FRS\/PROCAM, ASCVD, modified-SCORE and SCORE, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Most of the five generic and three \u2018SLE-adapted\u2019 clinical risk scores underestimated high CVD risk defined by atherosclerotic plaque presence in patients with SLE.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaa256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T18:39:58Z","timestamp":1619203198000},"page":"346-352","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Underperformance of clinical risk scores in identifying vascular ultrasound-based high cardiovascular risk in systemic lupus erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"George C","family":"Drosos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Risk Research Laboratory, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Konstantonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Risk Research Laboratory, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petros P","family":"Sfikakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria G","family":"Tektonidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070804565334100_bibr1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2012.12.002","article-title":"The epidemiology of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among patients with SLE: a systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Schoenfeld","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2021070804565334100_bibr2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-211663","article-title":"Survival in adults and children with systemic lupus erythematosus: a 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