{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:14:27Z","timestamp":1787771667263,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS)\/Pfizer"},{"name":"BMS. E.F.-E. and P.U. are employees of TriNetX LLC. D.J.W."},{"name":"Boston Scientific and Medtronic"},{"name":"Bayer\/Janssen, BMS\/Pfizer, Medtronic, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Verseon, and Daiichi-Sankyo and speaker for Bayer, BMS\/Pfizer, Medtronic, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Daiichi-Sankyo"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite the benefits of exercise training in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, there are conflicting findings for the impact of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on mortality for patients with heart failure (HF). The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the association of exercise-based CR with all-cause mortality, hospitalisation, stroke, and atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted which utilized a global federated health research network, primarily in the USA. Patients with a diagnosis of HF were compared between those with and without an electronic medical record of CR and\/or exercise programmes within 6 months of an HF diagnosis. Patients with HF undergoing exercise-based CR were propensity score matched to HF patients without exercise-based CR by age, sex, race, comorbidities, medications, and procedures (controls). We ascertained 2-year incidence of all-cause mortality, hospitalization, stroke, and atrial fibrillation. Following propensity score matching, a total of 40\u200a364 patients with HF were identified. Exercise-based CR was associated with 42% lower odds of all-cause mortality [odds ratio 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.54\u20130.62], 26% lower odds of hospitalization (0.74, 95% CI 0.71\u20130.77), 37% lower odds of incident stroke (0.63, 95% CI 0.51\u20130.79), and 53% lower odds of incident atrial fibrillation (0.47, 95% CI 0.4\u20130.55) compared to controls, after propensity score matching. The beneficial association of CR and exercise on all-cause mortality was consistent across all subgroups, including patients with HFrEF (0.52, 95% CI 0.48\u20130.56) and HFpEF (0.65, 95% CI 0.60\u20130.71).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Exercise-based CR was associated with lower odds of all-cause mortality, hospitalizations, incident stroke, and incident atrial fibrillation at 2-year follow-up for patients with HF (including patients with HFrEF and HFpEF).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwab035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T20:31:48Z","timestamp":1613161908000},"page":"1704-1710","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Cardiac rehabilitation and all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1479-8872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin J R","family":"Buckley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, William Henry Duncan Building, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie L","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, William Henry Duncan Building, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elnara","family":"Fazio-Eynullayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TriNetX LLC, Cambridge, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Underhill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TriNetX LLC, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajiv","family":"Sankaranarayanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, William Henry Duncan Building, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dick H J","family":"Thijssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Research Institute for Health Science, Radboud University Medical Centerum, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory Y H","family":"Lip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, William Henry Duncan Building, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122918515768700_zwab035-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.12.028","article-title":"The annual global economic burden of heart failure","volume":"171","author":"Cook","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2021122918515768700_zwab035-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw128","article-title":"2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: the task force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). 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