{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:11:33Z","timestamp":1787317893108,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004362","name":"Swiss Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004362","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001316","name":"Abbott","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002429","name":"Amgen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002429","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004326","name":"Bayer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005035","name":"Biotronik","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005035","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008497","name":"Boston Scientific","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008497","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007535","name":"B. Braun Medical","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007535","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006221","name":"Cordis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006221","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002973","name":"Daiichi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002973","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004374","name":"Medtronic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008792","name":"Novartis Pharma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008792","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004339","name":"Sanofi-Aventis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004339","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011725","name":"Servier","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"SIS Medical"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008645","name":"Terumo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008645","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011771","name":"Vascular","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011771","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to analyse changes in pre-hospital delay over time in women and men presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in Switzerland.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AMIS Plus registry data of patients admitted for STEMI between 2002 and 2019 were analysed using multivariable quantile regression including the following covariates: interaction between sex and admission year, age, diabetes, pain at presentation, myocardial infarction (MI) history, heart failure history, hypertension, and renal disease. Among the 15,350 patients included (74.5% men), the median (interquartile range) delay between 2002 and 2019 was 150 (84; 345) min for men and 180 (100; 414) min for women. The unadjusted median pre-hospital delay significantly decreased over time for both sexes but the decreasing trend was stronger for women. Specifically, the unadjusted sex differences in delay decreased from 60 min in 2002 (P = 0.0042) to 40.5 min in 2019 (P = 0.165). The multivariable model revealed a significant interaction between sex and admission year (P = 0.038) indicating that the decrease in delay was stronger for women (\u22123.3 min per year) than for men (\u22121.6 min per year) even after adjustment. The adjusted difference between men and women decreased from 26.93 min in 2002 to \u22121.97 min for women in 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over two decades, delay between symptom onset and hospital admission in STEMI decreased significantly for men and women. The decline was more pronounced in women, leading to the sex gap disappearing in the adjusted analysis for 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwac294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T17:29:54Z","timestamp":1670866194000},"page":"1056-1062","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Reducing gap in pre-hospital delay between women and men presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1631-5838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabienne","family":"Foster-Witassek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AMIS Plus Data Center, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich , Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Rickli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacher Str. 95 , 9000 St. Gallen , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3051-0170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Roffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4 , 1205 Geneva , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6513-3985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Pedrazzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino, Via Tesserete 48 , 6900 Lugano , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8111-9585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franz","family":"Eberli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Triemli Hospital, Birmensdorferstrasse 497 , 8063 Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1200-9147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Fassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, H\u00f4pital de La Tour, Av. J.-D.-Maillard 3 , 1217 Meyrin , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1290-5491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raban","family":"Jeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Petersgraben 4 , 4031 Basel , Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Triemli Hospital, Birmensdorferstrasse 497 , 8063 Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Fournier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon 46 , 1011 Lausanne , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Erne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AMIS Plus Data Center, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich , Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9507-6272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dragana","family":"Radovanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AMIS Plus Data Center, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich , Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx393","article-title":"2017 ESC guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: the task force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European society of cardiology (ESC)","volume":"39","author":"Ibanez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2017.09.005","article-title":"Comparison of delay times between symptom onset of an acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction and hospital arrival in men and women &lt;65 years versus \u226565 years of age: findings from the multicenter Munich examination of delay in patients experiencing ACU","volume":"120","author":"Ladwig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e012161","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012161","article-title":"Sex differences persist in time to presentation, revascularization, and mortality in myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"8","author":"Stehli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.recesp.2015.07.033","article-title":"Factors associated with delays in seeking medical attention in patients with ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome","volume":"69","author":"Rivero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Espa\u00f1ola Cardiol (English Ed)"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-21-0777","article-title":"Factors associated with prehospital delay among patients with acute myocardial infarction in the era of percutaneous coronary intervention\u2014insights from the OACIS registry","volume":"86","author":"Ogushi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005968","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.005968","article-title":"Delayed care and mortality among women and men with myocardial infarction","volume":"6","author":"Bugiardini","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1097\/MCA.0000000000000608","article-title":"Trends and predictors of prehospital delay in patients undergoing primary coronary intervention","volume":"29","author":"Margolis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Coron Artery Dis"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2003.04.059","article-title":"Prehospital delay in acute coronary syndrome\u2014an analysis of the components of delay","volume":"96","author":"Ottesen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2009.192302","article-title":"AMIS Plus: Swiss registry of acute coronary syndrome","volume":"96","author":"Radovanovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2006.106781","article-title":"Gender differences in management and outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes: results on 20 290 patients from the AMIS plus registry","volume":"93","author":"Radovanovic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","article-title":"A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation","volume":"40","author":"Charlson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2013-304588","article-title":"Validity of Charlson Comorbidity Index in patients hospitalised with acute coronary syndrome. Insights from the nationwide AMIS plus registry 2002\u20132012","volume":"100","author":"Radovanovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2010.09.016","article-title":"Temporal trends in patient and treatment delay among men and women presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"161","author":"Kaul","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1177\/2048872618810410","article-title":"Gender differences in patient and system delay for primary percutaneous coronary intervention: current trends in a Swiss ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction population","volume":"8","author":"Meyer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Hear J Acute Cardiovasc Care"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.02.044","article-title":"Influence of gender on delays and early mortality in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: insight from the first French Metaregistry, 2005\u20132012 patient-level pooled analysis","volume":"262","author":"Manzo-Silberman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000726","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000726","article-title":"Time trends in STEMI-improved treatment and outcome but still a gender gap: a prospective observational cohort study from the SWEDEHEART register","volume":"2","author":"Lawesson","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2020.09.004","article-title":"Characteristics associated with patient delay during the management of ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction, and the influence of awareness campaigns","volume":"114","author":"Caltabellotta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.110.957878","article-title":"Age and sex differences, and twenty year trends (1986\u20132005), in Pre-hospital delay in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"3","author":"Nguyen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e020211","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020211","article-title":"Gender disparities in first medical contact and delay in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a prospective multicentre Swedish survey study","volume":"8","author":"Lawesson","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1177\/2048872616676570","article-title":"Patient delay in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: time patterns and predictors for a prolonged delay","volume":"6","author":"Nielsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B21","first-page":"19938","article-title":"Sex differences in prehospital delays in patients with ST-segment\u2013elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"10","author":"Stehli","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc Cardiovasc Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B22","first-page":"562","article-title":"Gender differences in patients admitted to a certified German chest pain unit: results from the German chest pain unit registry","volume":"145","author":"Settelmeier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Artic Cardiol"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1851","article-title":"The use of quantile regression in health care research: a case study examining gender differences in the timeliness of thrombolytic therapy","volume":"24","author":"Austin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B24","first-page":"13067","article-title":"Targeting an ischemic time &lt;120 minutes in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"8","author":"Henderson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Hear Assoc"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1080\/10903127.2018.1447621","article-title":"Decreased time from 9\u20131\u20131 call to PCI among patients experiencing STEMI results in a decreased one year mortality","volume":"22","author":"Studnek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prehosp Emerg Care"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.031650","article-title":"Sex differences in the presentation and perception of symptoms among young patients with myocardial infarction: evidence from the VIRGO study","volume":"137","author":"Lichtman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.4070\/kcj.2021.0100","article-title":"Global awareness of myocardial infarction symptoms in general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Korean Circ J"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4127","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa662","article-title":"Women who experience a myocardial infarction at a young age have worse outcomes compared with men: the mass general Brigham YOUNG-MI registry","volume":"41","author":"DeFilippis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e012307","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012307","article-title":"Presenting symptoms in men and women diagnosed with myocardial infarction using sex-specific criteria","volume":"8","author":"Ferry","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcnurse.2008.05.001","article-title":"Pre-Hospital delay in patients with acute coronary syndrome: factors associated with patient decision time and home-to-hospital delay","volume":"8","author":"Perkins-Porras","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1177\/1741826710389386","article-title":"Impact of a nationwide public campaign on delays and outcome in Swiss patients with acute coronary syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Naegeli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B32","first-page":"1175","article-title":"Open access A systematic review of educational interventions aiming to reduce prehospital delay in patients with acute coronary syndrome coronary artery disease","volume":"7","author":"Hoschar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Hear"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.13512","article-title":"Factors associated with emergency medical service delays in suspected ST-elevation myocardial infarction in Victoria, Australia: a retrospective study","volume":"32","author":"Alrawashdeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg Med Australas"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B34","first-page":"100458","article-title":"Few with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction are diagnosed within 10 minutes from first medical contact, and women have longer delay times than men","volume":"26","author":"Muhrbeck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc"},{"key":"2023082119000992000_zwac294-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.10.067","article-title":"Sex versus gender-related characteristics: which predicts outcome after acute coronary syndrome in the young?","volume":"67","author":"Pelletier","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Preventive Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjpc\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwac294\/48482927\/zwac294.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjpc\/article-pdf\/30\/11\/1056\/51201981\/zwac294.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjpc\/article-pdf\/30\/11\/1056\/51201981\/zwac294.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T15:03:00Z","timestamp":1692630180000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjpc\/article\/30\/11\/1056\/6895320"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwac294","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-4873","2047-4881"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-4873","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-4881","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]}}}