{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T21:19:04Z","timestamp":1791494344651,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["321351"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["321351"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005633","name":"Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008484","name":"Paavo Nurmi Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006306","name":"Sigrid Juselius Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006306","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003502","name":"Mary and Georg C. Ehrnrooth Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003502","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009420","name":"Hospital District of Southwest Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009420","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-HL134168, R01-HL131532, R01-HL143227, R01-HL142983, K23-HL153888, K23-HL136853, and R01-HL153382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-HL134168, R01-HL131532, R01-HL143227, R01-HL142983, K23-HL153888, K23-HL136853, and R01-HL153382"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (aRH), wherein blood pressure elevation requires treatment with multiple medications, is associated with adverse cardiovascular events over the short-term. We sought to evaluate the degree of excess risk associated with aRH across the lifespan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified all individuals with hypertension who were prescribed at least one anti-hypertensive medication from the FinnGen Study, a cohort of randomly selected individuals across Finland. We then identified the maximum number of concurrently prescribed anti-hypertensive medication classes prior to age 55 and classified those co-prescribed \u22654 anti-hypertensive medication classes as aRH. Using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, we assessed the association of aRH well as the number of co-prescribed anti-hypertensive classes with cardiorenal outcomes across the lifespan. Among 48 721 hypertensive individuals, 5715 (11.7%) met the aRH criteria. Compared to those prescribed only one anti-hypertensive medication class, the lifetime risk of renal failure increased with the addition of each additional medication class, beginning with the second, while the risk of heart failure and ischaemic stroke increased after addition of the third drug class. Similarly, those with aRH suffered increased risk of renal failure (hazard ratio 2.30, 95% CI 2.00\u20132.65), intracranial haemorrhage (1.50, 1.08\u20132.05), heart failure (1.40, 1.24\u20131.63) cardiac death (1.79, 1.45\u20132.21), and all-cause death (1.76, 1.52\u20132.04).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among individuals with hypertension, aRH that develops prior to mid-life is associated with substantially elevated cardiorenal disease risk across the lifespan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwad066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T18:06:23Z","timestamp":1677607583000},"page":"960-968","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Apparent treatment-resistant hypertension associated lifetime cardiovascular risk in a longitudinal national registry"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0587-1572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph E","family":"Ebinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , 127 S San Vicente Blvd a3600, Los Angeles, CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anni","family":"Kauko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku , Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521 Turku , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"FinnGen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie A","family":"Bello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , 127 S San Vicente Blvd a3600, Los Angeles, CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , 127 S San Vicente Blvd a3600, Los Angeles, CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teemu","family":"Niiranen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku , Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521 Turku , Finland"},{"name":"Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital , Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521 Turku , Finland"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare , Mustionkatu 10b, 20750 Turku , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023080100355638900_zwad066-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.030189","article-title":"Uncontrolled and apparent treatment resistant hypertension in the United States, 1988 to 2008","volume":"124","author":"Egan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023080100355638900_zwad066-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03565","article-title":"Healthy lifestyle factors and risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in treatment-resistant hypertension: the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke 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