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Cox regression models were used to assess associations of IL-6 and IL-18 with coronary heart disease (CHD), ischaemic stroke, heart failure (HF) hospitalization, global CVD (composite of CHD, stroke, and HF), AF, and all-cause death. Over a median follow-up of 7.2 years, there were 1235 global CVD events, 530 AF events, and 1173 deaths. Higher IL-6 [hazard ratio (HR) 1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.44\u20131.72 per log unit increase] and IL-18 (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01\u20131.26) were significantly associated with global CVD after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Association between IL-6 and global CVD remained significant after further adjustment for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), N-terminal pro\u2013B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT) but was no longer significant for IL-18 after further adjustments. Interleukin-6 was also associated with increased risk for CHD, HF, and AF after adjustment for covariates. Both IL-6 and IL-18 were associated with increased risk for all-cause death independent of cardiovascular risk factors and other biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among older adults, both IL-6 and IL-18 were associated with global CVD and death. The association between IL-6 with CVD appears to be more robust and was independent of hs-CRP, NT-proBNP, and hs-TnT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwad197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T09:51:15Z","timestamp":1686563475000},"page":"1731-1740","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Association of interleukin-6 and interleukin-18 with cardiovascular disease in older adults: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM285, Houston, TX 77030 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo","family":"Buckley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy , Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3192-0067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM285, Houston, TX 77030 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6933-790X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Al Rifai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM285, Houston, TX 77030 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital , Boston, MA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijay","family":"Nambi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM285, Houston, TX 77030 , USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9541-6954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salim S","family":"Virani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM285, Houston, TX 77030 , USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3539-2070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Selvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Michael E. 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