{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T20:09:42Z","timestamp":1783109382709,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CD21\/00138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CD21\/00138"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007170","name":"Ministry of Economy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007170","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Competitiveness"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002924","name":"FEDER","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI18\/00139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/00139"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002924","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To assess whether overweight and obesity are independently associated with cardiometabolic health [as categorized based on the presence\/absence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, or hypertension)], and the role of lifestyle on this association.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A nationwide cohort of Spanish adults (18\u201364 years) was studied using a cross-sectional design and prospective observational design. Lifestyle-related factors (physical activity, sleeping characteristics, alcohol drinking, and smoking) were registered, and participants were classified as having an \u2018unhealthy\u2019 or \u2018healthy\u2019 cardiometabolic status attending to the presence or absence, respectively, of \u22651 CVD risk factor. A number of 596 111 participants (44 \u00b1 9 years, 67% male) were studied at baseline, with prospective analyses in a subcohort [n = 302 061; median follow-up, 2 years (range, 2 to 5)]. Compared to normal weight, overweight and obesity were associated with a higher prevalence [odds ratio, 1.67 (95% confidence interval, 1.61\u20131.67) and 2.70 (2.69\u20132.78), respectively] and incidence [1.62 (1.59\u20131.67) and 2.70 (2.63\u20132.78)] of an unhealthy cardiometabolic status. Meeting physical activity guidelines reduced the odds of an unhealthy cardiometabolic status at baseline [0.87 (0.85\u20130.88)] among individuals with overweight\/obesity, as well as of transitioning from a healthy status to an unhealthy status during the follow-up [0.87 (0.84\u20130.94)]. No significant associations were found for the remainder of lifestyle factors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overweight and obesity are independently associated with an unhealthy cardiometabolic status. Regular physical activity attenuates not only the prevalence but also the incidence of CVD risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwad204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T10:06:15Z","timestamp":1686823575000},"page":"1493-1501","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Obesity, cardiovascular risk, and lifestyle: cross-sectional and prospective analyses in a nationwide Spanish cohort"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1730-3369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro L","family":"Valenzuela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Activity and Health Research Group (\u2018PaHerg\u2019), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (\u2018imas12\u2019) , 7\u00aa Planta, Bloque D., Av. de C\u00f3rdoba s\/n, 28041 Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcal\u00e1 , C\/ 19, Av. de Madrid, Km 33,600, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28871 Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Santos-Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i+HeALTH, European University Miguel de Cervantes , C\/ del Padre Julio Chevalier, 2, 47012 Valladolid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Saco-Ledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid , C. Tajo, s\/n, Villaviciosa de Od\u00f3n, 28670 Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Castillo-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcal\u00e1 , C\/ 19, Av. de Madrid, Km 33,600, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28871 Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5565-0997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Lucia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Activity and Health Research Group (\u2018PaHerg\u2019), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (\u2018imas12\u2019) , 7\u00aa Planta, Bloque D., Av. de C\u00f3rdoba s\/n, 28041 Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid , C. 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