{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:04:44Z","timestamp":1792785884569,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Association limousine de Recherche et D\u00e9veloppement en Cardiologie Interventionelle"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The epidemiology of lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) is evolving. This meta-analysis of aggregate data aimed to (i) determine the global prevalence of LEAD and by regions in the 21st century and (ii) update the associated risk factors in this period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic literature review was performed through PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases, restricted to general population studies between January 2000 and September 2021, with LEAD defined by a low (&amp;lt;\/\u22640.90) ankle\u2013brachial index. The Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of the articles before data extraction. Due to high heterogeneity, the random effect model was applied to this meta-analysis. Among 1418 references, 38 studies (127 961 participants) were retained. The global prevalence in adults, mostly \u226540 years, was estimated at 9.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.1\u201312.4], higher in women (10.2%) than in men (8.8%), increasing sharply with age. The highest prevalence was found in South\u2013Central Asia (14.5%) and the lowest in North America (5.6%). Significant associations were found between LEAD and current [odds ratio (OR) = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.4\u20132.5] and past smoking (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.3\u20131.9) and between LEAD and diabetes (OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 2.0\u20132.8). Hypertension was significantly associated with LEAD (OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.9\u20132.8) and in particular in South America (OR = 4.0). Obesity (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2\u20131.8) and hypercholesterolaemia \u2265200\u2005mg\/dL (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3\u20132.8) were also significantly associated with LEAD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This meta-analysis highlights a currently high prevalence of LEAD worldwide, with substantial differences in global regions and between sexes. The strongest associations were found with metabolic risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwad381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T23:21:21Z","timestamp":1701991281000},"page":"803-811","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Global epidemiology of lower extremity artery disease in the 21st century (2000\u201321): a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5269-322X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Adou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EpiMaCT Research Unit U1094 Inserm U270 IRD EpiMaCT, School of Medicine, Limoges University , 2ave Marcland, 87025 Limoges , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7598-8234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julien","family":"Magne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EpiMaCT Research Unit U1094 Inserm U270 IRD EpiMaCT, School of Medicine, Limoges University , 2ave Marcland, 87025 Limoges , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nana","family":"Gazere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EpiMaCT Research Unit U1094 Inserm U270 IRD EpiMaCT, School of Medicine, Limoges University , 2ave Marcland, 87025 Limoges , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maissa","family":"Aouida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EpiMaCT Research Unit U1094 Inserm U270 IRD EpiMaCT, School of Medicine, Limoges University , 2ave Marcland, 87025 Limoges , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"Chastaingt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EpiMaCT Research Unit U1094 Inserm U270 IRD EpiMaCT, School of Medicine, Limoges University , 2ave Marcland, 87025 Limoges , France"},{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery and Vascular Medicine, Dupuytren University Hospital , Limoges , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0322-9818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Aboyans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EpiMaCT Research Unit U1094 Inserm U270 IRD EpiMaCT, School of Medicine, Limoges University , 2ave Marcland, 87025 Limoges , France"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Dupuytren University Hospital , 16 rue Bernard Descottes, 87042 Limoges , 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