{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T14:04:49Z","timestamp":1791986689018,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The global escalation of obesity has made it a worldwide health concern, notably as a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Extensive evidence corroborates its association with a range of cardiac complications, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, and heightened vulnerability to sudden cardiac events. Additionally, obesity contributes to the emergence of other cardiovascular risk factors including dyslipidaemia, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and sleep disorders, further amplifying the predisposition to CVD. To adequately address CVD in patients with obesity, it is crucial to first understand the pathophysiology underlying this link. We herein explore these intricate mechanisms, including adipose tissue dysfunction, chronic inflammation, immune system dysregulation, and alterations in the gut microbiome.Recent guidelines from the European Society of Cardiology underscore the pivotal role of diagnosing and treating obesity to prevent CVD. However, the intricate relationship between obesity and CVD poses significant challenges in clinical practice: the presence of obesity can impede accurate CVD diagnosis while optimizing the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments or cardiac procedures requires meticulous adjustment, and it is crucial that cardiologists acknowledge the implications of excessive weight while striving to enhance outcomes for the vulnerable population affected by obesity. We, therefore, sought to overcome controversial aspects in the clinical management of heart disease in patients with overweight\/obesity and present evidence on cardiometabolic outcomes associated with currently available weight management interventions, with the objective of equipping clinicians with an evidence-based approach to recognize and address CVD risks associated with obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T02:01:42Z","timestamp":1717207302000},"page":"1260-1273","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Rethinking weight loss treatments as cardiovascular medicine in obesity, a comprehensive review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9139-7159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Tuccinardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico , Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200\u201400128 Roma , Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma , Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21\u201400128 Roma , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2225-8814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikiko","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0820-633X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Masi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lavinia","family":"Monte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico , Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200\u201400128 Roma , Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma , Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21\u201400128 Roma , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi Bonifazi","family":"Meffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico , Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200\u201400128 Roma , Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma , Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21\u201400128 Roma , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Cavallari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico , Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200\u201400128 Roma , Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma , Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21\u201400128 Roma , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annunziata","family":"Nusca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico , Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200\u201400128 Roma , Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma , Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21\u201400128 Roma , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernesto","family":"Maddaloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8217-2372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucio","family":"Gnessi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3091-8205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Napoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico , Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200\u201400128 Roma , Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma , Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21\u201400128 Roma , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Manfrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico , Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200\u201400128 Roma , Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma , Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21\u201400128 Roma , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Grigioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico , Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200\u201400128 Roma , Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma , Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21\u201400128 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