{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:22:11Z","timestamp":1791246131813,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82170410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82170410"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82070251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82070251"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Provincial and Ministry Joint Major Projects of National Health Commission of China","award":["WKJ-ZJ-2405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WKJ-ZJ-2405"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to examine the association between hypnotic agents and cardiovascular outcomes in general individuals with insomnia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a propensity score matched cohort of UK Biobank (UKB) participants with insomnia, Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the association between regular use of hypnotic agents and predetermined cardiovascular outcomes including incident coronary heart diseases (CHD), heart failure (HF), stroke, and cardiovascular death. Inverse probability of treatment weighting, competing risk models, and shared frailty models were further performed during sensitivity analysis. Drug-target Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were employed for further evaluation of the association between therapeutic targets of hypnotics and cardiovascular diseases. During a median follow-up of 14.3 years, the matched cohort documented a total of 929 CHD cases, 360 HF cases, 262 stroke cases, and 180 cardiovascular deaths. No significant association was detected between Z-meds and CHD, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality. Benzodiazepine use was significantly associated with the increased risk of CHD, HF, and cardiovascular mortality. The inverse probability of treatment weighting, competing risk models, and shared frailty models didn\u2019t alter the above associations. Moreover, drug-target MR analyses corroborated the safety of Z-meds in the general population regarding cardiovascular health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggested the heterogeneous associations between different categories of hypnotics and incident cardiovascular events in individuals with insomnia. Both observational and genetic evidence raised safety concerns regarding the cardiovascular impact of benzodiazepines. No cardiovascular hazard of Z-meds was discovered in the UKB population with insomnia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T12:14:21Z","timestamp":1723032861000},"page":"466-474","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Hypnotic use and the risk of cardiovascular diseases in insomnia patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3175-0213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yao","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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