{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:11:08Z","timestamp":1793319068851,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The 2023 ESC guidelines for acute coronary syndrome note that contemporary data are heterogenous regarding beta-blocker (BB) use post-myocardial infarction (MI) in patients without reduced ejection fraction (EF) or heart failure (HF). We aimed to address the heterogeneity in contemporary data around BB post-MI in this population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We searched six databases from 1 January 2000 to 1 September 2024 to identify contemporary studies enrolling MI patients without reduced EF (\u226440%) or history of HF receiving BB at index MI and comparing outcomes between BB users and non-users. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and cardiovascular (CV) mortality. Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted using the restricted maximum likelihood method. There were 24 studies including 290 349 patients enrolled in the contemporary era. Overall, BB use was associated with a significant 11% reduction in all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR), 0.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.81\u20130.97; I2 = 40], however with moderate-to-high statistical heterogeneity. Pre-specified subgroup analyses demonstrate comparable all-cause mortality (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.94\u20131.06; I2 = 0%), CV mortality (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.85\u20131.15; I2 = 0%), and MACCE (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.01\u20131.52; I2 = 0%) in patients with a 1-year event-free period, defined as no death, recurrent MI, or HF while on BB following index MI. In patients with no event-free period, meta-regression revealed that BB mortality benefits were modified by the study inclusion period (P = 0.01), reflecting a temporal trend of decreasing BB mortality benefits over time. Based on the temporal trend, in patients with preserved EF post-2010, BB exhibited no reduction in all-cause mortality (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.90\u20131.04; I2 = 0%), but a non-significant trend towards increased CV mortality (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.96\u20131.72; I2 = 0%) and a significant increase in MACCE (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.01\u20131.52; I2 = 0%).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the contemporary reperfusion era, BB may not confer additional mortality benefits beyond a 1-year event-free period post-MI in patients without reduced EF. Moreover, post-MI BB use was associated with detrimental effects in patients with preserved EF.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T19:25:23Z","timestamp":1726773923000},"page":"633-646","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Beta-blockers for secondary prevention following myocardial infarction in patients without reduced ejection fraction or heart failure: an updated meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0763-8157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuan-Yu","family":"Chi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Lun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ishmum","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zafer","family":"Akman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, CT ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sridhar","family":"Mangalesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junmin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikyath","family":"Satish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Golsa","family":"Babapour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine , 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06510 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8244-2846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-No","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Big Data and Meta-Analysis, Wan Fang Hospital , Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D. Samuel Gottesman Library, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawel","family":"Borkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Nanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulla A","family":"Damluji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Inova Health , Fairfax, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5745-1636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael G","family":"Nanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine , 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06510 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198104023041401","article-title":"Timolol-induced reduction in mortality and reinfarction in patients surviving acute myocardial infarction","volume":"304","author":"Norwegian Multicenter Study Group","year":"1981","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1982.03320370021023","article-title":"A randomized trial of propranolol in patients with acute myocardial infarction. I. Mortality results","volume":"247","year":"1982","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)00873-5","article-title":"Heart rate variability in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary coronary angioplasty","volume":"85","author":"Bonnemeier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2022.10.014","article-title":"Identifying very-low-risk patients for future myocardial infarction or death","volume":"39","author":"Kavsak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e137","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000509","article-title":"2017 ACC\/AHA\/HFSA focused update of the 2013 ACCF\/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Failure Society of America","volume":"136","author":"Yancy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3720","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad191","article-title":"2023 ESC guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes: developed by the task force on the management of acute coronary syndromes of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"44","author":"Byrne","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvad046","article-title":"The effect of discontinuing beta-blockers after different treatment durations following acute myocardial infarction in optimally treated, stable patients without heart failure: a Danish, nationwide cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Halili","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa1058","article-title":"Effect of long-term beta-blocker treatment following myocardial infarction among stable, optimally treated patients without heart failure in the reperfusion era: a Danish, nationwide cohort study","volume":"42","author":"Holt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx564","article-title":"Beta-blockers for heart failure with reduced, mid-range, and preserved ejection fraction: an individual patient-level analysis of double-blind randomized trials","volume":"39","author":"Cleland","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.04.003","article-title":"2023 AHA\/ACC\/ACCP\/ASPC\/NLA\/PCNA guideline for the management of patients with chronic coronary disease","volume":"82","author":"Virani","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvy034","article-title":"Effect of oral \u03b2-blocker treatment on mortality in contemporary post-myocardial infarction patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Dahl Aarvik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2022.09.004","article-title":"Association of beta-blocker therapy at discharge with clinical outcomes in patients without heart failure or left ventricular systolic dysfunction after acute coronary syndrome: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"115","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2404204","article-title":"Beta-blocker interruption or continuation after myocardial infarction","author":"Silvain","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2401479","article-title":"Beta-blockers after myocardial infarction and preserved ejection fraction","volume":"390","author":"Yndigegn","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B15","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Chandler","year":"2019"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"Rob 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B17","article-title":"ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions","volume":"355","author":"Sterne","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD","article-title":"GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations","volume":"336","author":"Guyatt","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1977.10480998","article-title":"Maximum likelihood approaches to variance component estimation and to related problems","volume":"72","author":"Harville","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3627","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad195","article-title":"2023 focused update of the 2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: developed by the task force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC","volume":"44","author":"McDonagh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1482","article-title":"Improved tests for a random effects meta-regression with a single covariate","volume":"22","author":"Knapp","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19991030)18:20<2693::AID-SIM235>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Explaining heterogeneity in meta-analysis: a comparison of methods","volume":"18","author":"Thompson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B24","first-page":"12","article-title":"Fitting three-level meta-analytic models in R: a step-by-step tutorial","author":"Assink","year":"2016","journal-title":"Quant Method Psychol"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmental-2019-300117","article-title":"How to perform a meta-analysis with R: a practical tutorial","volume":"22","author":"Balduzzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Evid Based Ment Health"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i03","article-title":"Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package","volume":"36","author":"Viechtbauer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2022-322115","article-title":"Association of beta-blockers beyond 1 year after myocardial infarction and cardiovascular outcomes","volume":"109","author":"Ishak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.04.042","article-title":"Effects of long-term carvedilol therapy in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction","volume":"199","author":"Amano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-022-02631-8","article-title":"Short-term\/long-term prognosis with or without beta-blockers in patients without heart failure and with preserved ejection fraction after acute myocardial infarction: a multicenter retrospective cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Wen","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30846","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000030846","article-title":"Association of the medical therapy with beta-blockers or inhibitors of renin-angiotensin system with clinical outcomes in patients with mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"101","author":"Joo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repc.2020.07.017","article-title":"Influence of left ventricular systolic function on the long-term benefit of beta-blockers after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"40","author":"Vel\u00e1squez-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Port Cardiol (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2020-316605","article-title":"Role of beta blockers following percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndrome","volume":"107","author":"Peck","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e010159","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.120.010159","article-title":"Left ventricular ejection fraction 1 year after acute myocardial infarction identifies the benefits of the long-term use of \u03b2-blockers: analysis of data from the KAMIR-NIH registry","volume":"14","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvaa029","article-title":"Effect of beta-blocker therapy in patients with or without left ventricular systolic dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"7","author":"Joo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2020.12.044","article-title":"Comparison of outcomes with or without beta-blocker therapy after acute myocardial infarction in patients without heart failure or left ventricular systolic dysfunction (from the Acute Coronary Syndromes Israeli Survey [ACSIS])","volume":"143","author":"El Nasasra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2020.01.024","article-title":"Clinical outcomes with beta-blocker use in patients with recent history of myocardial infarction","volume":"36","author":"Jackevicius","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.05.033","article-title":"Differential effect of \u03b2-blockers according to heart rate in acute myocardial infarction without heart failure or left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a cohort study","volume":"94","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007567","article-title":"Effect of \u03b2-blockers beyond 3 years after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"7","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.03.578","article-title":"\u03b2-blockers and mortality after acute myocardial infarction in patients without heart failure or ventricular dysfunction","volume":"69","author":"Dondo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i4801","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4801","article-title":"\u0392 blockers and mortality after myocardial infarction in patients without heart failure: multicentre prospective cohort study","volume":"354","author":"Puymirat","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-014-0624-2","article-title":"Long-term effect of \u03b2-blocker in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in patients with preserved left ventricular systolic function: a propensity analysis","volume":"31","author":"Konishi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.recesp.2014.07.029","article-title":"Prognostic benefit of beta-blockers after acute coronary syndrome with preserved systolic function. Still relevant today?","volume":"68","author":"Raposeiras-Roub\u00edn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1159\/000431077","article-title":"\u03b2-Blocker therapy in the era of primary percutaneous intervention for ST elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"132","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2013-305137","article-title":"Benefit of \u03b2-blocker treatment for patients with acute myocardial infarction and preserved systolic function after percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"100","author":"Choo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.10.026","article-title":"Impact of beta blockade therapy on long-term mortality after ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction in the percutaneous coronary intervention era","volume":"111","author":"Nakatani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s12928-012-0137-9","article-title":"\u03b2-Blocker therapy and cardiovascular outcomes in patients who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention after ST-elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"28","author":"Bao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Interv Ther"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2010.02694.x","article-title":"Beta-blocker in post-myocardial infarct survivors with preserved left ventricular systolic function","volume":"33","author":"Siu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2013.12.206","article-title":"Association of beta-blocker therapy at discharge with clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0199347","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199347","article-title":"Long-term use of carvedilol in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"13","author":"Watanabe","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-21-00192","article-title":"Temporal trends in clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review of 66,327 patients from 25 all-comers trials","volume":"17","author":"Asano","year":"2022","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2019-315707","article-title":"Recent advances in percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"106","author":"Hoole","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3845","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad430","article-title":"Intravascular imaging during percutaneous coronary intervention: temporal trends and clinical outcomes in the USA","volume":"44","author":"Fazel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2023.03.017","article-title":"Beta-blocker use and heart failure outcomes in mildly reduced and preserved ejection fraction","volume":"11","author":"Arnold","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2024.101021","article-title":"Assessment of noninferiority margins in cardiovascular medicine trials","volume":"3","author":"Greco","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Adv"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000001221","article-title":"Long-term beta-blocker therapy after myocardial infarction without heart failure in the reperfusion era-systemic review and meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000000922","article-title":"Efficacy of long-term oral beta-blocker therapy in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"77","author":"Maqsood","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025060308273189700_zwae298-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248415608011","article-title":"Does oral beta-blocker therapy improve long-term survival in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with preserved systolic function? A meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Misumida","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Preventive Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjpc\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae298\/59742269\/zwae298.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjpc\/article-pdf\/32\/8\/633\/59742269\/zwae298.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjpc\/article-pdf\/32\/8\/633\/59742269\/zwae298.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T12:27:46Z","timestamp":1748953666000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjpc\/article\/32\/8\/633\/7762159"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae298","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-4873","2047-4881"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-4873","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-4881","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]}}}