{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T00:27:10Z","timestamp":1783124830265,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004442","name":"National Science Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UMO-2021\/41\/B\/NZ7\/03716"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO-2021\/41\/B\/NZ7\/03716"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004442","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014269","name":"Medical University of Bialystok","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B.SUB.23.101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B.SUB.23.101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014269","name":"Medical University of Bialystok","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B.SUB.24.111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B.SUB.24.111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014269","name":"Medical University of Bialystok","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B.SUB.24.560"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B.SUB.24.560"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014269","name":"Medical University of Bialystok","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B.SUB.23.509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B.SUB.23.509"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Short-term effects of Polish smog, particularly benzo(alpha)pyrene [B(a)P], are unclear. We aimed to examine the association between short-term exposure to air pollution and ischaemic stroke (IS) incidence.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study including an EP-PARTICLES cohort of 8 million inhabitants in the years 2011\u201320 (80 million person-years of observation). Individual clinical data on emergency hospitalizations due to IS (ICD-10: I63.X) was analysed. We used quasi-Poisson models to examine municipality-specific associations between air pollutants and IS, considering various covariates. We recorded 146 262 cases of IS with a dominance of females (51.8%) and people over 65 years old (77.6%). In the overall population, exposure to PM2.5, NO2, B(a)P, and SO2 increased the risk of IS onset on the day of exposure by 2.4, 1, 0.8, and 0.6%, respectively. Age and sex were modifying variables for PM2.5, NO2, and B(a)P exposure with more pronounced effects in non-elderly individuals and women (all Pinteraction &amp;lt; 0.001). Residents of regions with high tobacco and alcohol consumption were more sensitive to the effects of PM2.5 and SO2. The slopes of response\u2013effect curves were non-linear and steeper at lower concentrations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Exposure to air pollution may be associated with higher IS incidence, particularly posing a higher risk to non-elderly women. Harmful lifestyle habits might exacerbate its impact. Exposure to even low levels of air pollutants had negative effects.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Registration<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05198492).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T10:30:39Z","timestamp":1726828239000},"page":"276-287","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Association between exposure to air pollution and increased ischaemic stroke incidence: a retrospective population-based cohort study (EP-PARTICLES study)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7381-6604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"\u015awi\u0119czkowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok , Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory Y H","family":"Lip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital , Liverpool ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Danish Center for Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University , Aalborg ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Lipidology and Internal Medicine with Intensive Coronary Care Unit, Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Kurasz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok , Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emil J","family":"D\u0105browski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok , Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Tomaszuk-Kazberuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Lipidology and Internal Medicine with Intensive Coronary Care Unit, Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacek W","family":"Kami\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmosphere and Climate Modelling, Institute of Environmental Protection-National Research Institute , Warsaw ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Stru\u017cewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmosphere and Climate Modelling, Institute of Environmental Protection-National Research Institute , Warsaw ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u0142awomir","family":"Dobrzycki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok , Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Ku\u017ama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok , Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok 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