{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T08:01:21Z","timestamp":1793260881039,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82373665"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82373665"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Capital\u2019s Funds for Health Improvement and Research","award":["CFH 2024-2G-4253"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CFH 2024-2G-4253"]}]},{"name":"Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","award":["2021-RC330-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-RC330-001"]}]},{"name":"2022 China Medical Board-Open Competition","award":["22-466"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-466"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although folate intake might affect hypertension risk, evidence about the risk of hypertension according to an individual\u2019s folate deficiency status is scarce. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between folate deficiency and hypertension, and their causal associations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A cross-sectional and prospective cohort study was performed in the UK Biobank (UKB) to investigate the associations between folate deficiency and hypertension prevalence and incidence, using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression, respectively. Subsequently, we conducted one-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) with individual-level data from the UKB to further validate their causal associations. Finally, two-sample MR analyses were applied using summary-level data to further assess the causal relationships of serum folate with blood pressure (BP) and hypertension. In a total of up to 219 089 participants free of hypertension at enrolment, 17 670 participants developed hypertension after a median of 12.8 years of follow-up. Compared with participants without folate deficiency, those with folate deficiency had a higher risk of hypertension (HR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.24\u20131.63). One-sample MR analysis in the UKB provided supportive evidence for a causal effect of folate deficiency on hypertension risk (odds ratio for the highest quantile = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.04\u20131.10, Ptrend &amp;lt; 0.001). Furthermore, two-sample MR also supported a protective effect of higher levels of serum folate on BP (for systolic BP: \u03b2 = \u22122.313, 95% CI = \u22123.532, \u22121.094; for diastolic BP: \u03b2 = \u22121.648, 95% CI = \u22123.085, \u22120.211) and hypertension (\u03b2 = \u22120.049, 95% CI = \u22120.069, \u22120.029).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Observational and genetically determined folate deficiency were associated with hypertension, suggesting that folate deficiency might be a causal risk factor for hypertension.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T12:57:33Z","timestamp":1732625853000},"page":"1310-1318","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Association between folate deficiency and hypertension: evidence from an observational and Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3354-7064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital , No. 8 Xishiku Road, 100034 Beijing ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Clinical Research Institute, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University , 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191 Beijing ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education , 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191 Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darui","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital , No. 8 Xishiku Road, 100034 Beijing ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Clinical Research Institute, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University , 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191 Beijing ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education , 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191 Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3613-8488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , 33 Ba Da Chu Road, 100144 Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital , No. 8 Xishiku Road, 100034 Beijing ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Clinical Research Institute, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University , 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191 Beijing ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education , 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191 Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenya","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , 33 Ba Da Chu Road, 100144 Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , 33 Ba Da Chu Road, 100144 Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanfan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , 33 Ba Da Chu Road, 100144 Beijing 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