{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:49:45Z","timestamp":1789174185891,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82200396"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82200396"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005046","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YQ2022H006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YQ2022H006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005046","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LJYXL2022-013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LJYXL2022-013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005046","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PL2024H018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PL2024H018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Longjiang Technology Talent Spring Goose Support Program","award":["CYQN24035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CYQN24035"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012549","name":"Undergraduate Universities of Heilongjiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YQJH2024238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YQJH2024238"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012549","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003851","name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Department of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024-KYYWF-0620"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-KYYWF-0620"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003851","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014902","name":"Dongji Academic Team of Jiamusi University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DJXSTD202412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DJXSTD202412"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014902","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"North Medicine and Functional Food Characteristic Subject Project in Heilongjiang Province","award":["HLJTSXK-2022-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HLJTSXK-2022-03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sarcopenia is an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, previous studies did not take into consideration the cardiovascular impact of the changes in sarcopenia status. We investigated the relationship between changes in sarcopenia status and incident CVD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants from two prospective cohorts: the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) were included. Changes in sarcopenia status were assessed by sarcopenia status at the initial two surveys. Cardiovascular disease was ascertained by self-reported physician-diagnosed heart disease or stroke. A total of 6608 and 4316 adults from CHARLS (mean age: 59.2 years, female: 53.6%) and HRS (mean age: 63.2 years, female: 60.2%) were analysed, with a median follow-up of 5.0 and 7.5 years, respectively. Meta-analysis showed a significant relationship between sarcopenia and CVD risk. Bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis supported the robustness and causality, and no reverse association was found between CVD and sarcopenia. Compared with stable no sarcopenia participants, multivariable-adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for incident CVD in those who progressed from no sarcopenia to possible sarcopenia\/sarcopenia were 1.29 (1.02\u20131.64) and 1.39 (1.11\u20131.74) in both cohorts. In contrast, sarcopenia participants who recovered to no sarcopenia\/possible sarcopenia had lower incidence of CVD (CHARLS, IRR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.43\u20130.87; HRS, IRR = 0.20, 95% CI 0.11\u20130.39) than stable sarcopenia participants did.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The progression of sarcopenia status increases the risk of CVD, while the recovery of sarcopenia status reduces the risk of incident CVD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaf115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T07:17:38Z","timestamp":1740554258000},"page":"2137-2146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Evolution of sarcopenia status and risk of incident cardiovascular disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Shuang","family":"Bing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150086 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education , 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150086 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jiamusi University , 258 Xuefu Road, Xiangyang District, Jiamusi 154007 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanchao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150086 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education , 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150086 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jiamusi University , 258 Xuefu Road, Xiangyang District, Jiamusi 154007 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150086 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education , 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150086 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongbin","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jiamusi University , 258 Xuefu Road, Xiangyang District, Jiamusi 154007 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jiamusi University , 258 Xuefu Road, Xiangyang District, Jiamusi 154007 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1148-1570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shanjie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150086 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education , 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150086 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090719591686400_zwaf115-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31138-9","article-title":"Sarcopenia","volume":"393","author":"Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026090719591686400_zwaf115-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101264","article-title":"Association between sarcopenia and cardiovascular disease among middle-aged and older adults: findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal 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