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Meta-analyses using random-effects models were used to calculate mean differences or standardized mean differences (SMD). Of 15 873 reports identified, 5 studies (222 participants) were included. Risk of bias for all outcomes were judged as \u2018some concerns\u2019 or \u2018high\u2019. Mean ages ranged from 51 to 64 years, and 97.3% were women. Meta-analysis of CR\u2019s effect on the severity of angina was not feasible due to limited data. Meta-analysis on HRQoL was conducted at the domain level of Short Form-36 questionnaire (two RCTs; n = 76) and on exercise capacity measured by peak VO2 (three RCTs; n = 101). The HRQoL outcome was classified as \u2018very low certainty\u2019, indicating very little confidence in the effect estimates. The meta-analysis on exercise capacity showed a clinically meaningful change in peak VO2 in favour of CR, with a 4.16\u2005mL\/kg\/min increase in peak VO2 (SMD of 1.06, 95% CI \u22120.7 to 2.19, very low certainty).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CR may improve exercise capacity in patients living with MVA compared to controls; however, the evidence is very uncertain. High-quality RCTs are needed to rigorously determine the impact of CR on the severity of angina, HRQoL, and exercise capacity in patients living with MVA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaf150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T16:19:28Z","timestamp":1742228368000},"page":"857-868","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of cardiac rehabilitation on the severity of angina, health-related quality of life, and exercise capacity among adults living with microvascular angina: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8723-670X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Research and Development Department, Mailbox 1C, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AY 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