{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T03:06:23Z","timestamp":1765422383692,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744675200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Liaison Committee for Education"},{"name":"Research and Innovation in Central Norway"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite well-studied associations between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and atrial fibrillation (AF), the mechanisms of the excess risk of AF in women with history of HDP are not fully understood. Furthermore, little is known about associations between other adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) and AF, including preterm birth, small\/large-for-gestational-age (SGA\/LGA) offspring.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>By linking the population-based HUNT study with the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN) and electronic patient administrative systems, 15 104 women \u226545 years with 34 674 births were followed and assessed for validated AF for a median of 12.9 years. Information on APOs was retrieved from the MBRN. We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for associations of APOs with the risk of AF. By inverse odds ratio weighting, we assessed modifiable AF risk factors that could explain the associations. Among women aged 45\u201365, those with HDP had a higher risk of AF [HR 2.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27\u20133.24] as women without HDP, but not among women &amp;gt;65 years (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.57\u20131.60). A history of LGA was associated with increased risk of AF (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.03\u20131.84), but histories of preterm birth or SGA were not (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.63\u20131.41, HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.66\u20131.23). Post-pregnancy body mass index might possibly explain \u223c45% of the associations between HDP or LGA and AF.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Women with history of HDP or LGA offspring are at higher risk of AF.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaf233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:02:31Z","timestamp":1744675351000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Adverse pregnancy outcomes and risk of atrial fibrillation: findings from the HUNT study"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0758-4988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hikaru","family":"Morooka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , 8905, N-7491 Trondheim ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Tr\u00f8ndelag Hospital Trust , Kirkegata 2, 7600 Levanger ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, 02215 MA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8565-9151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eirin B","family":"Haug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , 8905, N-7491 Trondheim ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5954-7594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vegard","family":"Malmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , 7491 Trondheim ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital , Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, 7030 Trondheim ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0492-3286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan P\u00e5l","family":"Loennechen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , 7491 Trondheim ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital , Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, 7030 Trondheim ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2887-3722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanne","family":"Ellekj\u00e6r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology , N-7491 Trondheim ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Stroke Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital , Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, 7030 Trondheim ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abhijit","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , 8905, N-7491 Trondheim ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Center for Oral Health Services and Research (TkMidt) , Professor Brochs gt. 2, 7030 Trondheim ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8450-6970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth J","family":"Mukamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, 02215 MA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5066-8808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janet","family":"Rich-Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital , 75 Francis St, Boston, 02115 MA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, 02115 MA, USA"},{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , 75 Francis Street, Boston, 02115 MA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Imre","family":"Janszky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , 8905, N-7491 Trondheim ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, 02215 MA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Regional Center for Health Care Improvement, St. Olavs University Hospital , Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, 7030 Trondheim ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet , Norrbackagatan 4, 171 76 Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1344-9707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , 8905, N-7491 Trondheim ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Tr\u00f8ndelag Hospital Trust , Kirkegata 2, 7600 Levanger ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2023.100786","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation: epidemiology, screening and digital health","volume":"37","author":"Linz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B2","first-page":"352","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation as risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death in women compared with men: systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"532","author":"Emdin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bmj Br Med J"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.12.092","article-title":"Long-term cardiovascular risks associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes: JACC review topic of the week","volume":"73","author":"Lane-Cordova","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa1044","article-title":"Cardiovascular health after menopause transition, pregnancy disorders, and other gynaecologic conditions: a consensus document from European cardiologists, gynaecologists, and endocrinologists","volume":"42","author":"Maas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041316","article-title":"Pregnancy-related complications and incidence of atrial fibrillation: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Al Bahhawi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.09.052","article-title":"Long-term cardiovascular risk in women with hypertension during pregnancy","volume":"74","author":"Honigberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038080","article-title":"Preeclampsia and cardiovascular disease in a large UK pregnancy cohort of linked electronic health records: a CALIBER study","volume":"140","author":"Leon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14221","article-title":"Maternal cardiovascular disease 3 decades after preterm birth: longitudinal cohort study of pregnancy vascular disorders","volume":"75","author":"Auger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.03.028","article-title":"Incidence and long-term outcomes of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy","volume":"75","author":"Garovic","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-02218-8","article-title":"Association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and later risk of cardiovascular outcomes","volume":"20","author":"Oliver-Williams","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e023013","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.023013","article-title":"Increased cardiac arrhythmia after pregnancy-induced hypertension: a south Korean nationwide database study","volume":"11","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae215","article-title":"Parity, infertility, age at first birth, and risk of atrial fibrillation: data from the HUNT study","volume":"31","author":"Morooka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae275","article-title":"Reproductive status: a new target for prevention of atrial fibrillation in women?","volume":"31","author":"Domain","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e80","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyac095","article-title":"Cohort profile update: the HUNT study, Norway","volume":"52","author":"Asvold","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2000.079006435.x","article-title":"The medical birth registry of Norway. Epidemiological research and surveillance throughout 30 years","volume":"79","author":"Irgens","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12868","article-title":"Validity of a selection of pregnancy complications in the medical birth registry of Norway","volume":"95","author":"Moth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.9151","article-title":"Immortal time bias in observational studies","volume":"325","author":"Yadav","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12159","article-title":"Validity of the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia in the medical birth registry of Norway","volume":"92","author":"Thomsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2000.079006440.x","article-title":"Birthweight by gestational age in Norway","volume":"79","author":"Skjaerven","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S103346","article-title":"Validation of self-reported and hospital-diagnosed atrial fibrillation: the HUNT study","volume":"8","author":"Malmo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-018-0358-z","article-title":"The impact of parity on life course blood pressure trajectories: the HUNT study in Norway","volume":"33","author":"Haug","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e071757","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-071757","article-title":"Understanding how health interventions or exposures produce their effects using mediation analysis","volume":"382","author":"Cashin","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu278","article-title":"Practical guidance for conducting mediation analysis with multiple mediators using inverse odds ratio weighting","volume":"181","author":"Nguyen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2016.126","article-title":"Epidemiology of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: prevalence, risk factors, predictors and prognosis","volume":"40","author":"Umesawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181c1ea43","article-title":"The hazards of hazard ratios","volume":"21","author":"Hernan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e230034","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.0034","article-title":"Association of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with future cardiovascular disease","volume":"6","author":"Rayes","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11206048","article-title":"Preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction as risk factors of future maternal cardiovascular disease-A review","volume":"11","author":"Slawek-Szmyt","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e750","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000748","article-title":"Lifestyle and risk factor modification for reduction of atrial fibrillation: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"141","author":"Chung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007584","article-title":"Impact of a history of hypertension in pregnancy on later diagnosis of atrial fibrillation","volume":"7","author":"Scantlebury","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e009250","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.009250","article-title":"Life course trajectories of cardiovascular risk factors in women with and without hypertensive disorders in first pregnancy: the HUNT study in Norway","volume":"7","author":"Haug","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.02.029","article-title":"The long- and short-term impact of elevated body mass index on the risk of new atrial fibrillation the WHS (women's health study)","volume":"55","author":"Tedrow","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-022-01830-1","article-title":"Markers of cardiovascular risk associated with pregnancy","volume":"25","author":"Quesada","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e330","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001212","article-title":"Opportunities in the postpartum period to reduce cardiovascular disease risk after adverse pregnancy outcomes: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"149","author":"Lewey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy863","article-title":"Does pregnancy complication history improve cardiovascular disease risk prediction? Findings from the HUNT study in Norway","volume":"40","author":"Markovitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487314566758","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease risk in women with a history of spontaneous preterm delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Heida","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605231203843","article-title":"Prevalence of preterm birth in Scandinavian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Behboudi-Gandevani","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00878-4","article-title":"National, regional, and global estimates of preterm birth in 2020, with trends from 2010: a systematic analysis","volume":"402","author":"Ohuma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e021733","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.021733","article-title":"Ten-year cardiovascular disease risk trajectories by obstetric history: a longitudinal study in the Norwegian HUNT study","volume":"11","author":"Fraser","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2021.02.002","article-title":"Abnormal fetal growth: small for gestational age, fetal growth restriction, large for gestational age: definitions and epidemiology","volume":"48","author":"Damhuis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01663-w","article-title":"Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective UK Bobank study","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B41","first-page":"165","article-title":"The validity of the diabetes mellitus diagnosis in the medical birth registry of Norway","volume":"17","author":"Stene","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nor Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025050504113778200_zwaf233-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10436","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66365-3","article-title":"Life course trajectories of maternal cardiovascular risk factors according to offspring birthweight: the HUNT study","volume":"10","author":"Horn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Preventive Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjpc\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaf233\/62927236\/zwaf233.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjpc\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaf233\/62927236\/zwaf233.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T08:11:49Z","timestamp":1746432709000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjpc\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaf233\/8113286"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"references-count":42,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaf233","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-4873","2047-4881"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2047-4873"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2047-4881"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"article-number":"zwaf233"}}