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The associations between childhood BMI (7\u20138 years) and pubertal BMI change (young adult BMI minus childhood BMI), and blood pressure and hypertension in midlife, were evaluated using linear or logistic regression models. Mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate the indirect effect, via midlife BMI, and the direct effect on blood pressure and hypertension. The analyses were adjusted for birth year and smoking. The pubertal BMI change was positively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressures and hypertension in midlife, independent of childhood BMI, in both men and women (P &amp;lt; 0.01). For men but not for women, childhood BMI was positively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressures in midlife, independent of the pubertal BMI change (P &amp;lt; 0.01). No significant independent association was observed for childhood BMI with hypertension. Mediation analyses for the association between the pubertal BMI change and blood pressure and hypertension in midlife indicate that these associations were largely mediated by BMI in midlife.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings indicate that high blood pressure may originate in early life. A life-course approach for targeted prevention, starting already during the developmental years, could reduce the risk of high blood pressure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaf376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T08:03:50Z","timestamp":1750838630000},"page":"1655-1662","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Body mass index during childhood and puberty: associations with blood pressure and hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2908-7456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina","family":"Lilja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Vita str\u00e5ket 11, 413 45 Gothenburg ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Research and Development Primary Health Care , Regionens hus, 462 80 V\u00e4nersborg ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0737-8642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Bygdell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Vita str\u00e5ket 11, 413 45 Gothenburg ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0366-1683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jari","family":"Martikainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics and Data Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Vita str\u00e5ket 11, 413 45 Gothenburg ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1127-0829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huiqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Guldhedsgatan 5A, 413 20 Gothenburg ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8534-3237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Bl\u00e5 str\u00e5ket 5B, 413 45 Gothenburg ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4289-5722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00f6ran","family":"Bergstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Bl\u00e5 str\u00e5ket 5B, 413 45 Gothenburg ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology, Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Vita str\u00e5ket 12, 413 46 Gothenburg ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5409-6605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annika","family":"Rosengren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Bl\u00e5 str\u00e5ket 5B, 413 45 Gothenburg 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