{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:07:30Z","timestamp":1790885250280,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"NHMRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NHMCRC"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There has been a global shift from nutrient-dense diets to an ultra-processed food pattern, which is linked to adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular mortality. However, there is limited evidence in an Australian setting. Furthermore, many people in Australia have emigrated from countries with heart-healthy diets. This study explored the association between ultra-processed food exposure and cardiovascular mortality in an Australian cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were derived from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. Food frequency questionnaire data collected at baseline were used to estimate ultra-processed food exposure according to the Nova classification system. Cardiovascular deaths were identified using data linkage between baseline (1990\u201394) and 31 March 2019. Fine and Gray competing risk models were fitted to assess the association between energy-adjusted ultra-processed food exposure and cardiovascular mortality, accounting for other types of mortality as competing risks. We included 39 544 participants (mean age 55.1 years at baseline, 60% female). During the follow-up period, which spanned 919 379 person-years and a median follow-up of 25.1 years, 4229 cardiovascular deaths occurred. After adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related factors, participants with the highest relative intake of ultra-processed food had 19% higher risk of cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratiohigh (quartile 4) vs. low (quartile 1) category = 1.19, 95% confidence intervals: 1.09\u20131.29, P-value for trend &amp;lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aligning with findings from the USA and Europe, higher exposure to the ultra-processed food pattern was prospectively associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaf378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T07:40:30Z","timestamp":1750750830000},"page":"1564-1572","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Exposure to ultra-processed food and risk of cardiovascular mortality: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1907-1066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Gauci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IMPACT Institute (The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Deakin University , PO Box 281, Geelong, VIC 3220 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University , 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Vic 3004 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mojtaba","family":"Lotfaliany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMPACT Institute (The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Deakin University , PO Box 281, Geelong, VIC 3220 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscila","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University , Geelong ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Hodge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council , Melbourne ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne , VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Gamage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMPACT Institute (The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Deakin University , PO Box 281, Geelong, VIC 3220 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata Bertazzi","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo , S\u00e3o Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca , Salamanca ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Centre for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of S\u00e3o Paulo , S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Laura","family":"da Costa Louzada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of S\u00e3o Paulo , S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of S\u00e3o Paulo , S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8707-5563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Redfern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Bond University , Gold Coast ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4811-5830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrienne","family":"O\u2019Neil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMPACT Institute (The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Deakin University , PO Box 281, Geelong, VIC 3220 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Marx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMPACT Institute (The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and 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