{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:30:55Z","timestamp":1790800255677,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000860","name":"European Society of Cardiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000860","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001316","name":"Abbott","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020604","name":"Novartis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020604","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021515","name":"Sanofi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021515","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Viatris"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016272","name":"the International Atherosclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016405","name":"the European Atherosclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016405","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To quantify international variations in lipid-lowering therapies (LLT) use among patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and attainment of European guideline-recommended lipid goals.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>INTERASPIRE is an observational study (2020\u201323) covering 14 countries from all WHO regions. Patients (18\u201379 years) hospitalized in the preceding 6\u201336 months with CHD were invited for standardized interviews and examination, with central laboratory analyses for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-HDL-C, and apolipoprotein B (apoB). Valid lipid data meeting quality control standards were available from 13 countries. Lipid goals followed the 2019 guidelines of the European Atherosclerosis Society and the European Society of Cardiology: LDL-C &amp;lt; 1.4\u2005mmol\/L, non-HDL-C &amp;lt; 2.2\u2005mmol\/L, and apoB &amp;lt;65\u2005mg\/dL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Among 4061 patients (78.8% male, mean age 60.3 years), between index event and interview, 66.3% had no change in treatment intensity. LLT use at interview was largely statin monotherapy: 49.6% high-intensity (inter-country range 5.3%\u201377.3%) and 24.1% low\/moderate-intensity (inter-country range 5.1%\u201370.1%). Otherwise, 12.2% (inter-country range 0.2%\u201341.1%) were on combination therapy, and 12.7% on no LLT (inter-country range 3.5%\u201336.7%). Goal attainment for LDL-C was 17.5%. Corresponding non-HDL-C and apoB goals were achieved by 29.9% and 29.2%, respectively. Higher-income countries (defined by the World Bank\u2019s 2024\u201325 classification of income levels) did better in goal attainment than lower-middle-income countries.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this international study, contemporary lipid goals were not achieved in most CHD patients, with lower-middle-income countries having the worst goal attainment. Contributory factors include absence of any LLT use, low use of combinations and a failure to up-titrate LLT to achieve guideline targets.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaf388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T11:49:12Z","timestamp":1754567352000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["International patterns in lipid management and implications for patients with coronary heart disease: results from the INTERASPIRE study"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1141-1126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Brandts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Imperial College London , 90 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I\u2014Cardiology, RWTH Aachen University , Pauwelsstra\u00dfe 30, 52074 Aachen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fotios","family":"Barkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Imperial College London , 90 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina , Ioannina ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3202-7238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirk","family":"De Bacquer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University , Ghent ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catriona","family":"Jennings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Galway, School of Medicine and National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health , Moyola Lane, Newcastle, Galway H91 FF68 ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy G","family":"De Backer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University , Ghent ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kornelia","family":"Kotseva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Galway, School of Medicine and National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health , Moyola Lane, Newcastle, Galway H91 FF68 ,","place":["Ireland"]},{"name":"Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary's Campus, International Centre for Circulatory Health, 59-61 North Wharf Road, London W2 1LA ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5430-4697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"Ryden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm 171 76 ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory Y H","family":"Lip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital , Liverpool ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Danish Center for Health Services Research, Aalborg University , Aalborg ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Clinical Department of Cardiology, Lipidology and Internal Medicine with Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry and Division of Medical Education in English Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Erlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare and Institute for Nutrition and Health , Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Ganly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Galway, School of Medicine and National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health , Moyola Lane, Newcastle, Galway H91 FF68 ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terhi","family":"Vihervaara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare and Institute for Nutrition and Health , Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Adamska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Galway, School of Medicine and National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health , Moyola Lane, Newcastle, Galway H91 FF68 ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0786-7830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Service, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Unit, Hospital S. Maria (ULSSM), CAML , Lisbon ,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Lisbon, ISAMB, IMPSP, CCUL , Lisbon ,","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wael","family":"Almahmeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi , Al Mariah Island, Abu Dhabi ,","place":["United Arab Emirates"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ade Meidian","family":"Ambari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Universitas Indonesia , West Jakarta, Jakarta ,","place":["Indonesia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junbo","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital , Floor 15, Building 16, No. 1609 Xietu Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200000 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hosam","family":"Hasan-Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Assiut University Heart Hospital, Assiut University , Assiut 71111 ,","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5407-8773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease , No. 8, XiShiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Jankowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education , 231 Czerniakowska St, Warsaw 00-416 ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodney M","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Philippine Heart Association & St. Luke's Medical Center , Global City, Rizal Avenue Corner 32nd\u202f Street, Taguig City, Metro Manila ,","place":["Philippines"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Fudan University Huashan Hospital , 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Rd, Shanghai ,","place":["China PR"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Syadi Mahmood","family":"Zuhdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Cardiology Unit , Kuala Lumpur 59100 ,","place":["Malaysia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abel","family":"Makubi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS) , P.O BOX 65001, Dar es salaam ,","place":["Tanzania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amam Chinyere","family":"Mbakwem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Lagos , Idi Araba, Lagos ,","place":["Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilian","family":"Mbau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Cardiac Society , P.O Box 8038, Nairobi 00100 ,","place":["Kenya"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Luis Navarro","family":"Estrada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires Department of Cardiology, , Gascon 450 (1181), Buenos Aires ,","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Okechukwu Samuel","family":"Ogah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cardiology Unit, University of Ibadan, University College Hospital , Ibadan ,","place":["Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elijah Nyainda","family":"Ogola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Nairobi , P. O. Box 19676, Nairobi ,","place":["Kenya"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adalberto","family":"Quintero\u2013Baiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University Simon Bolivar , Cra 50 # 80-216 office 109, Barranquilla ,","place":["Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud Umar","family":"Sani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Bayero University Kano & Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital , Kano, Kano State 700001 ,","place":["Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Ines Sosa","family":"Liprandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Sanatorio G\u00fcemes , Francisco Acu\u00f1a de Figueroa 1240, Buenos Aires 1180 ,","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack Wei Chieh","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore , 5, Hospital Dr, Singapore 169609 ,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore ,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Sengkang General Hospital , Singapore ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel Alberto Urina","family":"Triana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Simon Bolivar , Carrera 59 # 59-65, Barranquilla ,","place":["Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2462-6257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tee Joo","family":"Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Department, National University Heart Centre Singapore and National University Hospital, National University Health System 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