{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T12:43:40Z","timestamp":1792759420497,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":263,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012295","name":"Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR203309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR203309"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012295","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000276","name":"Department of Health and Social Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PG\/21\/10547"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG\/21\/10547"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000327","name":"Heart Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TRP16\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRP16\/19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000327","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018955","name":"Leeds Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018955","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This document aims to review current scientific evidence on exercise and nutrition as a treatment for sarcopenia in the context of cardiovascular disease (CVD). First, we introduce the topic of sarcopenia and its estimated prevalence in patients with CVD. Then, we critically analyse the available evidence to support the use of exercise and nutrition, both alone and combined, for treating sarcopenia in patients with CVD followed by discussing factors that may optimize management. We further discuss the relevance of how medications used in CVD impact sarcopenia and how they may negatively interact with exercise\/nutritional interventions. Finally, we provide insights into the practical implications and future directions for managing sarcopenia in patients with CVD. In summary, optimized physical exercise interventions (dedicated resistance training in addition to endurance training and other modalities) together with adequate nutritional intake (avoiding malnutrition and ensuring sufficient protein consumption) is advised for the prevention and management of sarcopenia. However, there currently remains a lack of high-quality evidence to support these approaches in the context of CVD, where baseline sarcopenia status has typically not been evaluated. Future work, therefore, is required in CVD populations with confirmed sarcopenia to better understand what optimal exercise and nutritional strategies are required to further improve sarcopenia management. Keywords Cardiovascular disease, Exercise, Heart failure, Nutrition, Sarcopenia, Skeletal muscle<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaf432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T13:12:16Z","timestamp":1752585136000},"page":"2105-2126","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Influence of exercise and nutrition on sarcopenia in cardiovascular disease: a Scientific Statement of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0578-4954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronique","family":"Cornelissen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5501-4205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henner","family":"Hanssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sports and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel , Basel ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7239-6599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Hurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cumbria Northumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust and Faculty of Medical Sciences Newcastle University , Newcastle upon 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Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Olav\u2019s Hospital , Trondheim ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9775-4260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Neunhaeuserer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova , Padova ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Norman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute for Human Nutrition Potsdam Rehbruecke , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Charite Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Pedretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca , Milan ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Hospital of Erba , Erba (CO) ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2530-2673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annett","family":"Salzwedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam , Potsdam ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Savonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine , Kuopio 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