{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T07:03:46Z","timestamp":1781075026530,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005847","name":"Health Medical Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The risk assessment and management programme for hypertension (RAMP-HT) is a protocol-driven, risk-stratified, and multidisciplinary programme supplementing usual care for patients with hypertension (HT) in primary care. This study aimed to assess the association between RAMP-HT with complications and all-cause mortality compared with usual care only over 10 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective target trial emulation, electronic health records in Hong Kong were extracted, and sequence trials were emulated for patients with HT from January 2012 to December 2018. One-to-one propensity score matching was performed. Stabilized inverse probability treatment weights and pooled logistic regression were applied to obtain the hazard ratio for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and all-cause mortality between groups. A total of 337 990 eligible person-trials (168 995 per group) were included after propensity score matching. The incidence rate (IR) (cases\/1000 person-years) of RAMP-HT was lower than the usual care group for CVD {RAMP-HT: IR 16.54 [95% confidence interval (CI) 16.31, 16.78]; usual care: IR 18.40 (95% CI 18.10, 18.69)} and all-cause mortality [RAMP-HT: IR 9.41 (95% CI 9.24, 9.59); usual care: IR 12.23 (95% CI 12.00, 12.47)]. Risk assessment and management programme for hypertension participants had significantly reduced risk of CVD [hazard ratio (HR): 0.91, 95% CI: 0.89, 0.93] and all-cause mortality (HR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.86, 0.90) when compared with usual care patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Risk assessment and management programme for hypertension supplementing usual care associated with reduced relative risk of CVD and all-cause mortality risks in patients with HT by 9 and 12%, respectively, compared with patients receiving usual care only, supporting the integration of RAMP-HT with usual primary care in managing HT.<\/jats:p>\n                  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, 3\/F., Ap Lei Chau Clinic, 161 Main Street, Ap Lei Chau, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong\u2014ShenZhen Hospital , No.1, Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie Yun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , 3\/F., Ap Lei Chau Clinic, 161 Main Street, Ap Lei Chau, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weng Yee","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , 3\/F., Ap Lei Chau Clinic, 161 Main Street, Ap Lei Chau, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Vai Kiong","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, United Christian Hospital, Kowloon East Cluster, Hospital Authority , 130 Hip Wo Street, Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy Wing Sze","family":"Tsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Primary Healthcare, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong West Cluster, Hospital Authority , 102 Pokfulam Road, L02-56, 2\/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony King Hang","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Healthcare Commission, Health Bureau , 11\/F, THE HUB, 23 Yip Kan Street, Wong Chuk Hang, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6275-1147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric Yuk Fai","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , 3\/F., Ap Lei Chau Clinic, 161 Main Street, Ap Lei Chau, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"The Institute of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , General Administration Office, Room 405B, 4\/F, Professorial Block, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Advanced Data Analytics for Medical Science, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7536-8481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cindy Lo Kuen","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , 3\/F., Ap Lei Chau Clinic, 161 Main Street, Ap Lei Chau, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong\u2014ShenZhen Hospital , No.1, Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 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