{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T04:33:19Z","timestamp":1758342799278,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756339200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Clinical Characteristic Technology Project of Guangzhou","award":["2023C-TS45"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023C-TS45"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (LEPAD) is a major cardiovascular condition impacting global health. This study aims to examine trends in LEPAD prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We examined the global burden of LEPAD from 1990 to 2021 across sexes, regions, and countries using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study. The analysis covered key indicators such as prevalence, incidence, mortality, and DALYs. To evaluate health disparities, we applied the concentration index and decomposition analysis, and employed a Bayesian age-period-cohort model to forecast future trends. Globally, from 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized prevalence rate declined by 0.52 (95% UI: \u22120.55 to \u22120.48), incidence rate by 0.49 (95% UI: \u22120.53 to \u22120.45), death rate by 1.7 (95% UI: \u22121.85 to \u22121.56), and DALY rate (ASLR) by 1.41 (95% UI: \u22121.51 to \u22121.31). In 2021, the greatest increases in prevalence and death were observed in low-middle socio-demographic index countries. Women showed higher incidence and prevalence than men. Although the global LEPAD burden has declined in standardized terms, the absolute number of cases continues to rise, primarily due to demographic and epidemiological transitions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lower extremity peripheral arterial disease burden varies substantially across regions. Despite reductions in age-standardized rates from 1990 to 2021, the rising number of cases highlights the need for targeted interventions. Forecasts extending to 2036 offer valuable insights to support international public health planning and the effective distribution of resources.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaf542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T10:47:42Z","timestamp":1756378062000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spatiotemporal changes in the burden of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease and its socioeconomic impacts: an analysis based on Global Burden of Disease Study 2021"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; the Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510150 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jijun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Torch Development Zone People's Hospital , Zhongshan 528400 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; the Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510150 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongliang","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; the Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510150 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; the Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510150 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 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