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While early identification and treatment of major cardiovascular risk factors are crucial, recent data suggest the possibility of non-invasively detecting early stages of coronary atherosclerosis and potentially stabilizing or even reversing the burden of atherosclerosis with innovative and existing treatments. Moreover, therapies from lipid-lowering to anti-inflammatory drugs were recently demonstrated to influence atherosclerosis progression and potentially lead to different grades of plaque regression. The present is Part 1 of a scientific consensus document divided into two separate manuscripts. This first part provides an up-to-date scientific statement on the pathophysiology mechanism of atherosclerosis progression and regression and on the role of invasive and non-invasive imaging techniques in evaluating and quantifying plaque.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaf594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T02:33:13Z","timestamp":1762655593000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Therapies leading to coronary atherosclerosis plaque regression: a scientific statement of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology, the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging of the ESC, the ESC Working Group on Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, and the ESC Working Group on Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy Part 1: Atherosclerosis Pathophysiology and Imaging Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1443-5788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo","family":"Conte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio Hospital IRCCS , via Cristina Belgioioso 173, 20100 Milan ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1418-7908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Perone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Rehabilitation Clinic \u2018Villa delle Magnolie\u2019 , Castel Morrone, 81020 Caserta ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Cosyns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Jette ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Centrum voor Hart-en Vaatziekten, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel , Av. du Laerbeek 101, 1090 Jette ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc R","family":"Dweck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh , 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2677-3389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erwan","family":"Donal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University of Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM , 2 Rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2935-0181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Goncalves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Translational Studies, Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Jan Waldenstr\u00f6ms gata 35, 214 28 Malm\u00f6 ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5036-254X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Borja","family":"Ibanez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) & IIS-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz University Hospital, UAM & CIBERCV , Melchor Fern\u00e1ndez Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Kaski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. George's University Hospitals NHS Trust , Blackshaw Road, Tooting, London SW17 0QT ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pal","family":"Maurovich-Horvat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, Semmelweis University , \u00dcll\u0151i \u00fat 78a, 1082 Budapest ,","place":["Hungary"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshinobu","family":"Onuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Corrib Research Centre for Advanced Imaging and Core Laboratory, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; 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