{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T05:37:46Z","timestamp":1793425066101,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004191","name":"Novo Nordisk","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Oxford PharmaGenesis"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Novel therapies are under evaluation for upstream inhibition of inflammatory pathways in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is a downstream marker of these pathways but is not routinely measured. We aimed to identify potential factors associated with elevated hsCRP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study included individuals with ASCVD from the UK Biobank (2006\u201310) and the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 1999\u20132010 and 2015\u201318). Factors associated with elevated hsCRP (2\u201310\u2005mg\/L) were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. Six factors were associated with greater odds of elevated hsCRP in both cohorts (UK Biobank n = 23 045; NHANES n = 3415): obesity {UK Biobank odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 3.48 [3.18\u20133.80]; NHANES 4.11 [2.66\u20136.34]}, overweight [1.56 (1.44\u20131.70); 2.26 (1.51\u20133.38)], being a current smoker [2.47 (2.27\u20132.69); 1.96 (1.23\u20133.10)], female sex [1.69 (1.59\u20131.80); 1.69 (1.24\u20132.31)], and increased LDL cholesterol [1.05 (1.04\u20131.06); 1.00 (1.00\u20131.00), per 10\u2005mg\/dL increase] and triglyceride levels [1.01 (1.01\u20131.01); 1.00 (1.00\u20131.00), per 10\u2005mg\/dL increase] (all P &amp;lt; 0.05). Receiving statins was associated with lower odds in both cohorts [UK Biobank OR (95% CI) 0.69 (0.64\u20130.75); NHANES 0.54 (0.39\u20130.74)]. When these factors, plus chronic kidney disease stage G3\u20135, were considered in combination, hsCRP levels were higher in individuals with more factors (median hsCRP with seven factors: UK Biobank 5.39\u2005mg\/L; NHANES 6.99\u2005mg\/L).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The factors identified may support data-driven targeted testing to identify those most likely to have elevated hsCRP, who could potentially benefit from emerging anti-inflammatory therapies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaf609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T12:16:48Z","timestamp":1759234608000},"page":"643-652","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Factors associated with elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the USA and the UK"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0508-0954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kausik K","family":"Ray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care and Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London , Stadium House, 68 Wood Lane, London, W12 7RH ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon Bertram","family":"Reuter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk A\/S , S\u00f8borg ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aysegul","family":"Dalbeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk A\/S , S\u00f8borg ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mads D","family":"Faurby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk A\/S , S\u00f8borg ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gasper","family":"Letnar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Omicron ApS , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimmi","family":"Mathisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk A\/S , S\u00f8borg ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5745-1636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael G","family":"Nanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, CT ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8681-4368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fu Siong","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Research Institute, Imperial College , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Pearson-Stuttard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Analytics, Lane Clark and Peacock LLP , London ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1604-2593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naveed","family":"Sattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow , Glasgow ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Analytics, Lane Clark and Peacock LLP , London ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool , Liverpool ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann Marie","family":"Navar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032619571765400_zwaf609-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.954","article-title":"Genetic loci associated with C-reactive protein levels and risk of coronary heart disease","volume":"302","author":"Elliott","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026032619571765400_zwaf609-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-00955-7","article-title":"Inflammation and atherosclerosis: signaling pathways and therapeutic 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