{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:21:50Z","timestamp":1790734910094,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Departamento de Industria y de Transici\u00f3n Ecol\u00f3gica y Digital Empresarial","award":["0011-1411-2023-000052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0011-1411-2023-000052"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017266","name":"Gobierno de Navarra","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This meta-analysis aimed to (1) evaluate exerkines, signalling molecules secreted by tissues such as skeletal muscle, heart, and adipose tissue, as biomarkers or mediators of exercise-induced benefits in heart failure (HF), and (2) compare the impact of training on exerkine expression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We systematically searched four databases up to 31 August 2025, for randomized and non-randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of exercise training on exerkines [e.g. interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), lactate, insulin-like growth factor 1, and adiponectin] in patients with HF. Risk of bias and quality of reporting data were assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool and the Robins-I scale Pooled data from 29 studies (n = 1278) showed that exercise training significantly reduced circulating IL-6 [g = \u22120.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) \u22120.52 to \u22120.01) and TNF-\u03b1 (g = \u22120.26, 95% CI \u22120.40 to \u22120.12) compared with the controls. An exploratory multivariate meta-analysis yielded an overall effect of g = \u22120.38 (95% CI \u22120.55 to \u22120.21), indicating a global decrease in exerkines after the intervention. Greater declines in exerkines were associated with larger increases in peak oxygen consumption (\u03b2 = \u22120.16, 95% CI \u22120.28 to \u22120.04) and left ventricular ejection fraction (\u03b2 = \u22120.12, 95% CI \u22120.17 to \u22120.07). By phenotype, HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) exhibited a clear, robust reduction (g = \u22120.37, 95% CI \u22120.56 to \u22120.19), whereas HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and mixed HFrEF\/HFpEF did not show this reduction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exercise training modulates circulating exerkines levels. Notably, it reduces pro-inflammatory responses in HF, linking molecular adaptations to improved functional gain. These molecular adaptations are linked to functional improvements, supporting exercise training as a safe and effective anti-inflammatory and metabolic therapy in HF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaf656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T11:59:02Z","timestamp":1760183942000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Exercise-induced biomolecular changes and cardiovascular effects in heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3599-5155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I\u00f1igo","family":"Latasa Am\u00e9zqueta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Institute for Health Research of Navarra (IdiSNA), Universidad de Navarra (CIMA) , Pamplona 31008 ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid 28029 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5986-6528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arantxa","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Institute for Health Research of Navarra (IdiSNA), Universidad de Navarra (CIMA) , Pamplona 31008 ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid 28029 ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona 31008 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1397-7182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Garc\u00eda-Hermoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Navarrabiomed, Institute for Health Research of Navarra (IDISNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra (UPNA) , Pamplona 31008 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1506-4272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikel","family":"Izquierdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Navarrabiomed, Institute for Health Research of Navarra (IDISNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra (UPNA) , Pamplona 31008 ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid 28029 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3075-6960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robinson","family":"Ram\u00edrez-V\u00e9lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Navarrabiomed, Institute for Health Research of Navarra (IDISNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra (UPNA) , Pamplona 31008 ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid 28029 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025111121165968100_zwaf656-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368","article-title":"2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure","volume":"42","author":"McDonagh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur 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