{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:37:04Z","timestamp":1790800624744,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a chronic large-vessel vasculitis affecting older adults, associated with significant cardiovascular (CV) complications. Understanding CV risk drivers among GCA, including classical CV risk factors and inflammation, is essential for improved patient management. We (i) assessed the association between GCA and risks of CV events, including aortic events, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), peripheral artery disease (PAD) events, and visceral artery events and (ii) assessed the impact of traditional CV risk factors and GCA disease activity on these outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using the French National Health Data System (SNDS), we included 23 193 patients aged \u226550 years diagnosed with incident GCA from 2012 to 2022. Patients were matched with a general population cohort (92 772 individuals) and a hospitalized cohort (92 772 individuals) using propensity score matching based on CV comorbidities. Primary outcomes were first incidence of aortic events, MACE, PAD events, and visceral artery events. Patients with GCA faced an increased risk of all CV outcomes compared with the general population cohort: aortic events (HR: 5.33; 95%CI, 4.50\u20136.32), MACE (HR: 2.15; 95% CI, 2.04\u20132.26), PAD events (HR: 2.72; 95%CI, 2.47\u20132.99), and visceral artery events (HR: 3.04; 95%CI, 2.33\u20133.97). When compared with the hospitalized cohort, GCA patients had increased risk of all outcomes except for MACE risk, which did not significantly differ (HR: 1.01; 95%CI, 0.96\u20131.06). GCA disease activity was associated with increased MACE (HR: 1.98; 95%CI, 1.63\u20132.42).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GCA significantly increases risks of vascular complications, highlighting the importance of CV risk management and inflammation control strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwag034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T12:26:59Z","timestamp":1768307219000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cardiovascular risk among giant cell arteritis patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4571-6219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexis F","family":"Guedon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, Institut Pierre Louis D'Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique , 27 rue Chaligny, 75571 Paris Cedex 12 ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, service de M\u00e9decine Interne, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), H\u00f4pital Saint Antoine , 184 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, Paris F-75012 ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0821-9990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Espitia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nantes Universit\u00e9, CHU Nantes, Department of Vascular Medicine, l'institut du Thorax, INSERM UMR1087\/CNRS UMR 6291, Team III Vascular & Pulmonary Diseases , 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, Nantes 44 000 ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4924-093X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxime","family":"Beydon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis D\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique, Equipe PEPITES, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, D\u00e9partement de Sant\u00e9 Publique, Centre de Pharmaco\u00e9pid\u00e9miologie (Cephepi) , Paris F75013 ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"Ghrenassia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, service de M\u00e9decine Interne, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), H\u00f4pital Saint Antoine , 184 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, Paris F-75012 ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tristan","family":"Mirault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), INSERM U970 , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3214-7501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Messas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), INSERM U970 , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7802-944X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florence","family":"Tubach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis D\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique, Equipe PEPITES, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, D\u00e9partement de Sant\u00e9 Publique, Centre de Pharmaco\u00e9pid\u00e9miologie (Cephepi) , Paris F75013 ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rapha\u00e8le","family":"Seror","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Auto-Immune Diseases (IMVA), Institut Pour la Sant\u00e9 et la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) UMR 1184, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay , Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, Paris ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, H\u00f4pital Bic\u00eatre, Assistance Publique\u2014H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay , Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6908-9678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franck","family":"Boccara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, CHU Saint-Antoine, APHP , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1027-0787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariel","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, CHU Saint-Antoine, APHP , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4084-5027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth","family":"Frikke-Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhaguen ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1954-7220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00f8rge Gr\u00f8nne","family":"Nordestgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhaguen ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Copenhagen City Heart Study, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azeddine","family":"Dellal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Rhumatologie, Hopital Montfermeil, GHI Le Raincy Montfermeil , Montfermeil ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Fain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, service de M\u00e9decine Interne, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), H\u00f4pital Saint Antoine , 184 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, Paris F-75012 ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ars\u00e8ne","family":"Mekinian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, service de M\u00e9decine Interne, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), H\u00f4pital Saint Antoine , 184 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, Paris F-75012 ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Carrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, Institut Pierre Louis D'Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique , 27 rue Chaligny, 75571 Paris Cedex 12 ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Groupe Hospitalier Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, D\u00e9partement de Sant\u00e9 Publique, h\u00f4pital Saint-Antoine, APHP , Paris"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37715","article-title":"2012 revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference nomenclature of Vasculitides","volume":"65","author":"Jennette","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-021-02450-w","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the epidemiology of giant cell arteritis across time and space","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-122-7-199504010-00004","article-title":"Increased incidence of aortic aneurysm and dissection in giant cell (temporal) arteritis. A population-based study","volume":"122","author":"Evans","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204113","article-title":"The relative risk of aortic aneurysm in patients with giant cell arteritis compared with the general population of the UK","volume":"74","author":"Robson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab507","article-title":"All-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with giant cell arteritis: a nationwide, population-based cohort study","volume":"61","author":"Therkildsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11041005","article-title":"An updated review of cardiovascular events in giant cell arteritis","volume":"11","author":"de Boysson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.05.009","article-title":"Corticosteroid-related adverse events in patients with giant cell arteritis: a claims-based analysis","volume":"46","author":"Broder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kev262","article-title":"Increased risk of cardiovascular disease in giant cell arteritis: a general population-based study","volume":"55","author":"Amiri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B9","first-page":"753","article-title":"Giant cell arteritis and vascular disease-risk factors and outcomes: a cohort study using UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink","volume":"56","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.7326\/M12-3046","article-title":"Risk for cardiovascular disease early and late after a diagnosis of giant-cell arteritis: a cohort study","volume":"160","author":"Tomasson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000145369.25558.b5","article-title":"Influence of traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis in the development of severe ischemic complications in giant cell arteritis","volume":"83","author":"Gonzalez-Gay","year":"2004","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respe.2017.05.004","article-title":"Value of a national administrative database to guide public decisions: from the syst\u00e8me national d\u2019information interr\u00e9gimes de l\u2019Assurance Maladie (SNIIRAM) to the syst\u00e8me national des donn\u00e9es de sant\u00e9 (SNDS) in France","volume":"65","author":"Tuppin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e150","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(15)00027-7","article-title":"Risk of bleeding and arterial thromboembolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation either maintained on a vitamin K antagonist or switched to a non-vitamin K-antagonist oral anticoagulant: a retrospective, matched-cohort study","volume":"2","author":"Bouillon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2015.1325","article-title":"Association between total hip replacement characteristics and 3-year prosthetic survivorship: a population-based study","volume":"150","author":"Colas","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i2002","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i2002","article-title":"Low dose oestrogen combined oral contraception and risk of pulmonary embolism, stroke, and myocardial infarction in five million French women: cohort study","volume":"353","author":"Weill","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.6205","article-title":"Association between oral fluoroquinolone use and retinal detachment","volume":"134","author":"Raguideau","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"370","author":"von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2024.10.011","article-title":"French protocol for the diagnosis and management of giant cell arteritis","volume":"46","author":"de Boysson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev Med Interne"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.033502","article-title":"2017 cardiovascular and stroke endpoint definitions for clinical trials","volume":"137","author":"Hicks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206916","article-title":"Global effect of modifiable risk factors on cardiovascular disease and mortality","volume":"389","author":"Global Cardiovascular Risk Consortium","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key028","article-title":"Mortality causes and trends associated with giant cell arteritis: analysis of the French national death certificate database (1980\u20132011)","volume":"57","author":"Aouba","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2012.14","article-title":"Accelerated atherosclerosis in patients with SLE\u2013mechanisms and management","volume":"8","author":"Skaggs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2009.03885.x","article-title":"Translational mini-review series on immunology of vascular disease: accelerated atherosclerosis in vasculitis","volume":"156","author":"Tervaert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.09.001","article-title":"Vascular calcification in patients with large-vessel vasculitis compared to patients with hyperlipidemia","volume":"48","author":"Banerjee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2013.161","article-title":"Immune mechanisms in medium and large-vessel vasculitis","volume":"9","author":"Weyand","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863150","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.863150","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk in patients with Takayasu arteritis directly correlates with diastolic dysfunction and inflammatory cell infiltration in the vessel wall: a clinical, ex vivo and in vitro analysis","volume":"9","author":"Cicco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B27","first-page":"2525","article-title":"Inflammation during the life cycle of the atherosclerotic plaque","volume":"117","author":"Libby","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60110-X","article-title":"The interleukin-6 receptor as a target for prevention of coronary heart disease: a Mendelian randomisation analysis","volume":"379","author":"Interleukin-6 Receptor Mendelian Randomisation Analysis (IL6R MR) Consortium","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61931-4","article-title":"Interleukin-6 receptor pathways in coronary heart disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 82 studies","volume":"379","author":"IL6R Genetics Consortium Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00198-1","article-title":"Targeting inflammation in atherosclerosis\u2014from experimental insights to the clinic","volume":"20","author":"Soehnlein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200003233421202","article-title":"C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women","volume":"342","author":"Ridker","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.18.2149","article-title":"Elevation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and increased risk of recurrent coronary events after myocardial infarction","volume":"101","author":"Ridker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704033361401","article-title":"Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men","volume":"336","author":"Ridker","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707914","article-title":"Antiinflammatory therapy with canakinumab for atherosclerotic disease","volume":"377","author":"Ridker","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1912388","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of low-dose colchicine after myocardial infarction","volume":"381","author":"Tardif","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2021372","article-title":"Colchicine in patients with chronic coronary disease","volume":"383","author":"Nidorf","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0807646","article-title":"Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein","volume":"359","author":"Ridker","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"k1036","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k1036","article-title":"Increased cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: mechanisms and implications","volume":"361","author":"England","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01349-6","article-title":"Autoimmune diseases and cardiovascular risk: a population-based study on 19 autoimmune diseases and 12 cardiovascular diseases in 22 million individuals in the UK","volume":"400","author":"Conrad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.11.006","article-title":"Serious adverse effects associated with glucocorticoid therapy in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA): a nested case\u2013control analysis","volume":"46","author":"Wilson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-019-00180-9","article-title":"Risk of potential glucocorticoid-related adverse events in patients with giant cell arteritis: results from a USA-based electronic health records database","volume":"6","author":"Best","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheumatol Ther"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41774","article-title":"2021 American College of Rheumatology\/Vasculitis Foundation guideline for the management of giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis","volume":"73","author":"Maz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00520-1","article-title":"IL-6 inhibition with ziltivekimab in patients at high atherosclerotic risk (RESCUE): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"397","author":"Ridker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223480","article-title":"2022 American College of Rheumatology\/EULAR classification criteria for giant cell arteritis","volume":"81","author":"Ponte","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.therap.2024.05.003","article-title":"Use of the French National Health Data System (SNDS) in pharmacoepidemiology: a systematic review in its maturation phase","volume":"79","author":"Maillard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Therapie"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2018.10.004","article-title":"Validation of giant cell arteritis diagnosis code in the French hospital electronic database","volume":"60","author":"Caudrelier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"2026021814370289400_zwag034-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.therap.2024.05.003","article-title":"Use of the French National Health Data System (SNDS) in pharmacoepidemiology: A systematic review in its maturation phase","author":"Maillard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Therapie"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Preventive Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjpc\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwag034\/66420902\/zwag034.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjpc\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwag034\/66420902\/zwag034.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T19:37:11Z","timestamp":1771443431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjpc\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwag034\/8426309"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"references-count":47,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwag034","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-4873","2047-4881"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-4873","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-4881","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"article-number":"zwag034"}}