{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T16:12:32Z","timestamp":1790179952967,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Innovation Committee of the German Joint Federal Committee of Physicians and Public Health Insurances","award":["01VSF23011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01VSF23011"]}]},{"name":"German Ministry of Education and Research"},{"name":"German Center for Child and Adolescent Health","award":["01GL2406A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GL2406A"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003042","name":"Else Kroner-Fresenius-Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003042","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"LMU University Hospitals"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This overview of systematic reviews (SRs) summarizes evidence on effectiveness and safety of treatment for paediatric heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (heFH) and multifactorial dyslipidaemia (MFD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Epistemonikos were systematically searched for relevant SRs of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published 01.01.2015-16.05.2024, with updated search until 31.01.2025. Systematic reviews on different therapeutic interventions assessing surrogate and long-term health outcomes were eligible. AMSTAR-2 was used to appraise SRs and GRADE to evaluate certainty of evidence (CoE). Eight SRs were included and high-quality ones prioritized for further analysis. Among children with heFH, in a meta-analysis of six RCTs (n = 669), statins significantly reduced cholesterol levels compared with placebo over a 2-year follow-up (mean difference, MD: \u221232.15%; 95% confidence interval, CI: \u221234.9; \u221229.4 for LDL-cholesterol; moderate CoE). Significant reductions in LDL-cholesterol levels were also observed for ezetimibe (1 RCT, n = 127; MD: \u221263 mg\/dL; 95% CI: \u221279.5; \u221246.5) and PCSK9 inhibitors, with MD in change of \u221243.3% to \u221233.8% for evolocumab (1 RCT, n = 157) and alirocumab (1 RCT, n = 153), respectively (moderate CoE). Bile acid sequestrants and fibrates showed significant lipid-lowering effects; however, CoE was low\/very low. No significant differences in adverse events during short-term follow-up were observed between study groups for all drugs. Non-pharmacological interventions mainly did not improve lipid profile in paediatric FH (CoE very low). Among children with MFD, behavioural counselling demonstrated modest lipid-lowering effects that attenuated overtime (2 RCTs; low CoE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In summary, statins are effective lipid-lowering therapy in paediatric FH, with long-term safety requiring further investigation. Evidence evaluating non-pharmacological interventions for childhood dyslipidaemia is sparse.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwag125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T09:21:26Z","timestamp":1774862486000},"page":"1532-1547","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effectiveness and safety of treatment for heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia and multifactorial dyslipidaemia in children: an overview of systematic reviews"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Thu Giang","family":"Le Thi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, LMU University Hospital Munich , Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337 Munich ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Stiftung Kindergesundheit, c\/o Dr. von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, LMU University Hospital Munich , Lindwurmstr. 4, 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