{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:19:34Z","timestamp":1787008774831,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012266","name":"NRF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Korea government"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"MSIT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2024-00449868"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00449868"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) poses a substantial global health burden, yet the cardiovascular impact across menopausal status remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to assess the association between MASLD and cardiovascular risk in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Women aged 40 years or older were categorized by the fatty liver index as having no MASLD (&amp;lt;30), grade 1 (30\u201359), or grade 2 (\u226560). The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as a composite of myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, and cardiovascular death. Among 1 931 330 women aged 40 years or older, including 837 363 premenopausal and 1 093 967 postmenopausal women, MACE incidence (per 1000 person-years) increased with MASLD severity: 1.82, 2.93, and 3.91 in premenopausal women, and 7.68, 10.55, and 12.36 in postmenopausal women. 5-year absolute MACE risks also rose with MASLD severity: premenopausal (0.45% [95% CI 0.44\u20130.47%], 0.65% [95% CI 0.62\u20130.68%], 0.87% [95% CI 0.82\u20130.93%]) and postmenopausal (2.74% [95% CI 2.71\u20132.77%], 3.25% [95% CI 3.20\u20133.30%], 3.83% [95% CI 3.75\u20133.91%]). Absolute risk differences between no MASLD and grades 1 or 2 were over twice as large in postmenopausal women (0.51% [95% CI 0.47\u20130.55%] and 1.09% [95% CI 1.02\u20131.17%]) than in premenopausal women (0.20% [95% CI 0.17\u20130.22%] and 0.42% [95% CI 0.37\u20130.47%]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MASLD was associated with increased cardiovascular risk in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. The absolute excess risk associated with MASLD was larger in postmenopausal women. These findings emphasize incorporating hepatic steatosis severity and menopausal status into cardiovascular risk assessment and prevention strategies for women\u2019s health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwag254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T12:26:19Z","timestamp":1777724779000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cardiovascular risk in women with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease across the menopausal transition"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3512-855X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"You-Jung","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine , 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080 ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sungho","family":"Bea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Won","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center , Univerisity of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho-Tack","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Medicine and Big Data, Catholic University of Korea , Seoul ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Min","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine , 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080 ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Centre , Seoul ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan Soon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine , 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080 ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heesun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine , 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080 ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Centre , Seoul ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Do","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University , Seoul ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine , 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080 ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital , 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080 ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyung Kwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine , 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080 ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital , 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080 ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4053-8713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun-Bean","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine , 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080 ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital , 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080 ,","place":["Republic of 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