{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T14:47:37Z","timestamp":1782139657579,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012264","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH-DEHS R35ES031702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH-DEHS R35ES031702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012264","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012264","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH-DEHS R01ES017290"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH-DEHS R01ES017290"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012264","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012264","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH-NIMHD P50MD017351"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH-NIMHD P50MD017351"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012264","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007155","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/Y003330\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/Y003330\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Air pollution caused by particulate matter of size \u22642.5\u2005\u03bcm (PM2.5) is a leading global environmental risk factor. We investigated the impact of PM2.5 on cardiovascular risk with lifetime genetic predisposition to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and systolic blood pressure (SBP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study of participants from the UK Biobank study (n = 412 446) over 13.85 years. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for LDL-C and SBP were used as instrument variables to estimate association and causal effects with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). The interaction between exogenous PM2.5 exposure with individual or combined LDL-C, SBP PRS, and clinical phenotypes was assessed using adjusted survival regression, causal inference, and machine learning models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A significant negative interaction was observed between PM2.5 and PRS on MACE incidence for both SBP and LDL-C. The association of 1-SD PRS increase for SBP (\u224810\u2005mm Hg) and LDL-C (\u224838.6\u2005mg\/dL) with MACE was attenuated at higher PM2.5 levels (HR = 0.947, P = 0.039, HR = 0.943, P = 0.025, respectively). Analyses with phenotype showed a similar trend for SBP, further confirmed by causal effects interactions (HR = 0.9979, P &amp;lt; 0.001, HR = 0.9995, P = 0.093, respectively). Absolute risk analysis showed that predicted risk remained highest in the high-PRS groups across PM2.5 levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher genetic-risk groups for SBP and LDL-C carried the greatest absolute cardiovascular risk when exposed to air pollution, even though PM2.5 conferred lower relative risk, perhaps related to high baseline risk. These findings support a gene\u2013environment interaction between air pollution exposure and genetically proxied cardiovascular risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwag298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T11:19:57Z","timestamp":1780917597000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interaction between air pollution and genetic predisposition to blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol on cardiovascular events"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4720-3684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Eudes","family":"Dazard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University , School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrick","family":"Schumacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meijie","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai R","family":"Ponnana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University , School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University , School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santosh K","family":"Sirasapalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University , School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadeer G","family":"Al-Kindi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Houston Methodist , Houston Methodist & Weill Corner Medicine, Houston, TX ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salil V","family":"Deo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University , School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center , Surgical Services, Cleveland, OH ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6506-6084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2271-3568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Gasparrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment & Health Modelling (EHM) Lab, Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Quint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Imperial College London , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8402-7435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pradeep","family":"Natarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genomic Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Program in Medical and 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