{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T10:17:32Z","timestamp":1787825852334,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists were initially developed as glucose-lowering therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus but have progressively emerged as cardiometabolic agents with clinically relevant cardiovascular effects. Large cardiovascular outcome trials have demonstrated reductions in major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes and elevated cardiovascular risk, benefits that extend beyond glycemic control. In parallel, the development of dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and GLP-1 receptor agonists has further expanded incretin-based therapy by achieving more potent metabolic effects, raising interest in their potential cardiovascular implications. More recently, pharmacologic treatment of obesity with GLP-1\u2013based therapies has been shown to reduce cardiovascular events in patients without diabetes, while emerging evidence supports a role for these agents in selected populations with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. These effects appear to reflect integrated metabolic, inflammatory, vascular, and haemodynamic mechanisms. This review summarizes current evidence on the cardiovascular effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists and dual GIP\u2013GLP-1 receptor agonists, discusses safety considerations, and highlights future directions for their clinical application across the cardiometabolic continuum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwag430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T11:39:21Z","timestamp":1787053161000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Glucagon-like peptide-1\u2013based therapies in cardiovascular disease: evidence, mechanisms, and emerging clinical applications"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0621-4224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Placido Maria","family":"Mazzone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico \u2018G. Rodolico-San Marco\u2019, University of Catania , Via Santa Sofia 78, Catania 95124 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9008-3011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Giacoppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico \u2018G. Rodolico-San Marco\u2019, University of Catania , Via Santa Sofia 78, Catania 95124 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Ammirabile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico \u2018G. Rodolico-San Marco\u2019, University of Catania , Via Santa Sofia 78, Catania 95124 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Sara","family":"Mauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico \u2018G. Rodolico-San Marco\u2019, University of Catania , Via Santa Sofia 78, Catania 95124 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Spagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico \u2018G. Rodolico-San Marco\u2019, University of Catania , Via Santa Sofia 78, Catania 95124 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5156-7723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Capodanno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico \u2018G. Rodolico-San Marco\u2019, University of Catania , Via Santa Sofia 78, Catania 95124 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002519","article-title":"Effects of GLP-1 and other gut hormone receptors on the gastrointestinal tract and implications in clinical practice","volume":"119","author":"Camilleri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.03.001","article-title":"Mechanisms of action and therapeutic application of glucagon-like peptide-1","volume":"27","author":"Drucker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13135","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics of exenatide","volume":"83","author":"Cirincione","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.04.008","article-title":"Pharmacology, physiology, and mechanisms of incretin hormone action","volume":"17","author":"Campbell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-2375","article-title":"Effects of once-weekly dosing of a long-acting release formulation of exenatide on glucose control and body weight in subjects with type 2 diabetes","volume":"30","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.14752","article-title":"Effect of oral semaglutide compared with placebo and subcutaneous semaglutide on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"318","author":"Davies","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.101139","article-title":"Targeting the GIPR for obesity: to agonize or antagonize? Potential mechanisms","volume":"46","author":"Campbell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206038","article-title":"Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity","volume":"387","author":"Jastreboff","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3103","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-0979","article-title":"Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide: a bifunctional glucose-dependent regulator of glucagon and insulin secretion in humans","volume":"60","author":"Christensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-013-2856-6","article-title":"Estimating the effect of sulfonylurea on HbA1c in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Hirst","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-014-0698-4","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing efficacy and safety outcomes of insulin glargine with NPH insulin, premixed insulin preparations or with insulin detemir in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"52","author":"Rys","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.07.013","article-title":"Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor-expressing cells in the hypothalamus regulate food intake","volume":"30","author":"Adriaenssens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603827","article-title":"Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607141","article-title":"Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31149-3","article-title":"Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"394","author":"Gerstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-021-01366-8","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists and cardiorenal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: an updated meta-analysis of eight CVOTs","volume":"20","author":"Giugliano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e984","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000973","article-title":"Obesity and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"143","author":"Powell-Wiley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.67.5.968","article-title":"Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a 26-year follow-up of participants in the framingham heart study","volume":"67","author":"Hubert","year":"1983","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaa032","article-title":"Revisiting the complexity of GLP-1 action from sites of synthesis to receptor activation","volume":"42","author":"McLean","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2032183","article-title":"Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity","volume":"384","author":"Wilding","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2015.07.015","article-title":"Impact of GLP-1 receptor agonists on blood pressure, heart rate and hypertension among patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"110","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2081","article-title":"DURATION-5: exenatide once weekly resulted in greater improvements in glycemic control compared with exenatide twice daily in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"96","author":"Blevins","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60659-0","article-title":"Liraglutide once a day versus exenatide twice a day for type 2 diabetes: a 26-week randomised, parallel-group, multinational, open-label trial (LEAD-6)","volume":"374","author":"Buse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3055","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031403","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 induces natriuresis in healthy subjects and in insulin-resistant obese men","volume":"89","author":"Gutzwiller","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14496","article-title":"The evolving story of incretins (GIP and GLP-1) in metabolic and cardiovascular disease: a pathophysiological update","volume":"23","author":"Nauck","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Obe Metab"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.301958","article-title":"Cardiovascular actions of incretin-based therapies","volume":"114","author":"Ussher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-025-09991-4","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of tirzepatide: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Masson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2107519","article-title":"Tirzepatide versus semaglutide once weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"385","author":"Fr\u00edas","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwag002","article-title":"GLP-1 Receptor agonists for secondary prevention after myocardial infarction and stroke in type 2 diabetes: nationwide real-world evidence","author":"Sedova","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32261-X","article-title":"Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (harmony outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"392","author":"Hernandez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1901118","article-title":"Oral semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"381","author":"Husain","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2108269","article-title":"Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with efpeglenatide in type 2 diabetes","volume":"385","author":"Gerstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2505928","article-title":"Cardiovascular outcomes with tirzepatide versus dulaglutide in type 2 diabetes","volume":"393","author":"Nicholls","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2501006","article-title":"Oral semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in high-risk type 2 diabetes","volume":"392","author":"McGuire","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1509225","article-title":"Lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome","volume":"373","author":"Pfeffer","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1612917","article-title":"Effects of once-weekly exenatide on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"377","author":"Holman","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B37","article-title":"Sodium-glucose cotransporter protein-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"372","author":"Palmer","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00509-4","article-title":"Semaglutide and walking capacity in people with symptomatic peripheral artery disease and type 2 diabetes (STRIDE): a phase 3b, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"405","author":"Bonaca","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2026.0767","article-title":"Cardiorenal outcomes with tirzepatide compared with dulaglutide in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease: a post hoc analysis of the SURPASS-CVOT randomized clinical trial","volume":"11","author":"Nissen","year":"2026","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2307563","article-title":"Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in obesity without diabetes","volume":"389","author":"Lincoff","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2416394","article-title":"Tirzepatide as compared with semaglutide for the treatment of obesity","volume":"393","author":"Aronne","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.10260","article-title":"Effects of liraglutide on clinical stability among patients with advanced heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"316","author":"Margulies","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.657","article-title":"Effect of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, on left ventricular function in stable chronic heart failure patients with and without diabetes (LIVE)-a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Jorsal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2306963","article-title":"Semaglutide in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity","volume":"389","author":"Kosiborod","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2313917","article-title":"Semaglutide in patients with obesity-related heart failure and type 2 diabetes","volume":"390","author":"Kosiborod","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2410027","article-title":"Tirzepatide for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity","volume":"392","author":"Packer","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3415","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae177","article-title":"2024 ESC guidelines for the management of chronic coronary syndromes","volume":"45","author":"Vrints","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4043","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad192","article-title":"2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes","volume":"44","author":"Marx","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.04.003","article-title":"2023 AHA\/ACC\/ACCP\/ASPC\/NLA\/PCNA guideline for the management of patients with chronic coronary disease","volume":"82","author":"Virani","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.05.024","article-title":"2025 concise clinical guidance: an ACC expert consensus statement on medical weight management for optimization of cardiovascular health","volume":"86","author":"Gilbert","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACC"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1414268","article-title":"Adverse events in different administration routes of semaglutide: a pharmacovigilance study based on the FDA adverse event reporting system","volume":"15","author":"Niu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2025-085304","article-title":"Weight regain after cessation of medication for weight management: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"392","author":"West","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-016-0490-6","article-title":"Differential effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on heart rate","volume":"16","author":"Lorenz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2301972","article-title":"Triple\u2013hormone-receptor agonist retatrutide for obesity\u2014a phase 2 trial","volume":"389","author":"Jastreboff","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2502082","article-title":"Cagrilintide-semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes","volume":"393","author":"Davies","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01185-7","article-title":"Amycretin, a novel, unimolecular GLP-1 and amylin receptor agonist administered subcutaneously: results from a phase 1b\/2a randomised controlled study","volume":"406","author":"Dahl","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2504214","article-title":"Once-monthly maridebart cafraglutide for the treatment of obesity\u2014a phase 2 trial","volume":"393","author":"Jastreboff","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2505669","article-title":"Orforglipron, an oral small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist, in early type 2 diabetes","volume":"393","author":"Rosenstock","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(26)00202-3","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of once-daily oral orforglipron compared with oral semaglutide in adults with type 2 diabetes (ACHIEVE-3): a multinational, multicentre, non-inferiority, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial","volume":"407","author":"Rosenstock","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026082705215955100_zwag430-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(23)00356-X","article-title":"Glucagon and GLP-1 receptor dual agonist survodutide for obesity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding phase 2 trial","volume":"12","author":"le Roux","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Preventive Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjpc\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwag430\/70686978\/zwag430.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjpc\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwag430\/70686978\/zwag430.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T09:22:11Z","timestamp":1787822531000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjpc\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwag430\/8764034"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"references-count":60,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwag430","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-4873","2047-4881"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-4873","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-4881","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"article-number":"zwag430"}}